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STEREOTYPES, SHIFTING STANDARDS, AND SOCIAL JUDGMENT

刻板印象、转变标准和社会判断

基本信息

批准号：
2445504
负责人：
MONICA ROSE BIERNAT
金额：
$ 9.92万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1993-07-01 至 1999-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2445504
关键词：
behavioral /social science research tag belief human subject judgment morals prejudice social group social psychology social status

项目摘要

The proposed project will explore several inter-related issues concerning the effects of global social stereotypes on judgments of individual members of stereotyped groups. In general, the project focuses on the role stereotypes play in creating different standards against which members of stereotyped groups are judged. The key argument of this research is that stereotyped expectations about group members lead the perceiver to shift or adjust his or her standards of judgment depending on the target's social category. For example, since men are generally perceived to be more assertive than women, a perceiver may have different meanings in mind when he or she characterizes a man versus a woman as being assertive. This line of reasoning suggests that stereotypes may be operative in situations even when it appears that they are not (e.g., a man and a woman might both be labeled "rather assertive," but underlying this common labeling are very different, stereotype-consistent representations). Ten studies are proposed to test and extend the "shifting standards" model. These studies are specifically designed to: 1) examine whether the "shifting standards" phenomenon may account for several recent research findings which suggest that subjects ignore their stereotypes when judging individual members of groups, 2) develop a means of measuring the standards subjects bring into judgment situations, 3) examine more specifically the processes involved in the standard shift phenomenon, 4) examine an audience's ability to accurately "decode" the subjective judgments of others, and 5) extend this reasoning to work on self- in addition to other-judgments. More general goals of this project are to increase our understanding of the basic processes involved in social judgment, and to alert both researchers and lay people alike to the extent of humans' reliance on stereotypes in everyday life.

拟议的项目将探讨以下几个相互关联的问题全球社会刻板印象对个人判断的影响千篇一律的群体成员。总体而言，该项目侧重于刻板印象在创建不同的标准方面发挥了作用千篇一律的群体的成员会受到评判。这件事的关键论点是研究表明，对团队成员的刻板印象引领着感知者改变或调整他或她的判断标准关于目标的社会类别。例如，由于男性通常被认为比女性更自信的人，可能会有不同的看法当他或她将一个男人和一个女人定性为变得自信。这一推理表明，刻板印象可能即使在它们看起来不是的情况下(例如，一个男人和一个女人可能都会被贴上“相当自信”的标签，但在这个共同的标签之下，是非常不同的，刻板印象一致的申述)。提出了十项研究来测试和扩展 “转换标准”模式。这些研究的具体目的是： 1)检查“标准转换”现象是否可以解释最近的几项研究结果表明，受试者忽视了他们的在评判群体的个别成员时的刻板印象，2)发展一种手段测量被试进入判断情境的标准，3) 更具体地检查标准班次中涉及的流程现象，4)检查观众准确地“解码” 其他人的主观判断，以及5)将这一推理扩展到自我和他人的判断。此项目的更多总体目标是为了增加我们对以下基本过程的理解社会判断，并提醒研究人员和普通人人类在日常生活中对刻板印象的依赖程度。