Ultralow temperature thermometry with nanoscale devices

使用纳米级设备进行超低温测温

• 批准号: EP/N019199/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Prance
• 金额: $ 9.45万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN019199%2F1
• 关键词: Ultralow; temperature; thermometry; nanoscale; devices

The goal of cooling materials and structures ever closer to absolute zero temperature has led to significant discoveries in physics and has prompted the development of many new technologies. For example, the phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivity showed that quantum-mechanical effects dominate the behaviour of certain materials at low temperatures. The discovery of the quantum Hall effect has given a new metrological standard for defining voltage, and the discovery of Coulomb blockade may soon allow the ampere to be redefined using devices that generate electrical current one electron at a time. Cooling to very low temperatures can better allow us to observe and control certain materials and structures at a quantum-mechanical level. This continues to drive research in low temperature physics and underpins many efforts to realise new quantum technologies such as quantum computation and advanced sensors.Present refrigeration technologies allow certain materials to be cooled extremely close to absolute zero. The limit for continuous cooling is around 1 millikelvin, using dilution refrigeration. Additional cooling based on nuclear demagnetisation refrigeration allows some materials can be cooled to less than a hundredth of this temperature. The biggest challenge in using either of these methods to cool an arbitrary sample is making a good thermal connection between the sample and the refrigerator. At low temperatures thermal connections between materials become very small. This can mean, for instance, that the electrons in the metal wires contacting an on-chip device are at a different temperature to that of the chip, and neither are as cold as the refrigerator. This a particular problem in the field of nanoelectronics where the sample has a tiny active volume with a very weak thermal connection to its surroundings. At present, it is extremely challenging to cool nanoelectronic samples significantly below 10 millikelvin.This project will combine techniques from ultralow temperature physics and nanotechnology to develop new devices that can measure the temperature of electrons in nanoelectronic structures below 1 millikelvin. These thermometers will then be used to build a platform for reaching temperatures of 1 millikelvin or below in arbitrary nanoelectronic samples. Three different thermometers will be studied, before the most promising one is selected for the final stage of the project. All of the thermometers will be essential diagnostic tools throughout the project, informing the development of electrical filters, thermal shielding and refrigeration methods.The new thermometry techniques will give us a better understanding of nanoscale structures in a currently inaccessible temperature range. This is likely to be a significant benefit to many active areas of research in low temperature physics, quantum computing, nanoscience and metrology.

将材料和结构冷却到更接近绝对零度的目标导致了物理学的重大发现，并促进了许多新技术的发展。例如，超流性和超导性现象表明，量子力学效应在低温下支配着某些材料的行为。量子霍尔效应的发现为定义电压提供了一个新的标准，而库仑阻塞的发现可能很快就会允许使用一次产生一个电子的电流的设备来重新定义安培。冷却到非常低的温度可以让我们更好地在量子力学水平上观察和控制某些材料和结构。这将继续推动低温物理学的研究，并支持许多实现量子计算和先进传感器等新量子技术的努力。目前的制冷技术允许某些材料被冷却到非常接近绝对零度。使用稀释制冷，连续冷却的极限约为1毫开尔文。基于核退磁制冷的额外冷却允许某些材料可以冷却到低于该温度的百分之一。使用这两种方法冷却任意样品的最大挑战是在样品和制冷机之间建立良好的热连接。在低温下，材料之间的热连接变得非常小。这可能意味着，例如，接触片上器件的金属线中的电子与芯片的温度不同，并且都不像冰箱那么冷。这是纳米电子学领域的一个特殊问题，其中样品具有与其周围环境的热连接非常弱的微小活性体积。目前，将纳米电子样品冷却到显著低于10毫开尔文是极具挑战性的，本项目将结合超低温物理和纳米技术的联合收割机技术，开发能够测量1毫开尔文以下纳米电子结构中电子温度的新器件。然后，这些温度计将用于构建一个平台，以在任意纳米电子样品中达到1毫开尔文或更低的温度。将研究三种不同的温度计，然后选择最有前途的一种用于项目的最后阶段。所有的温度计都将是整个项目中必不可少的诊断工具，为电过滤器、热屏蔽和制冷方法的开发提供信息。新的温度测量技术将使我们在目前无法达到的温度范围内更好地了解纳米结构。这对低温物理、量子计算、纳米科学和计量学等许多活跃的研究领域可能是一个重大的好处。

项目成果

Microkelvin electronics on a pulse-tube cryostat with a gate Coulomb-blockade thermometer

带门库仑封锁温度计的脉冲管低温恒温器上的微开尔文电子器件

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.033225
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Samani M

Breaking the millikelvin barrier in nanoelectronics

打破纳米电子学中的毫开尔文屏障

• DOI: 10.1051/epn/2021406
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Europhysics News
• 作者: Haley R

Thermal Transport in Nanoelectronic Devices Cooled by On-Chip Magnetic Refrigeration.

片上磁制冷冷却的纳米电子器件中的热传输。

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.077001
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Autti S

Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures.

冷却纳米电子设备的进展到超低温度。

• DOI: 10.1007/s10909-020-02472-9
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of low temperature physics
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Jones AT;Scheller CP;Prance JR;Kalyoncu YB;Zumbühl DM;Haley RP
• 通讯作者: Haley RP

On-chip magnetic cooling of a nanoelectronic device.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep45566
• 发表时间: 2017-04-04
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Bradley DI;Guénault AM;Gunnarsson D;Haley RP;Holt S;Jones AT;Pashkin YA;Penttilä J;Prance JR;Prunnila M;Roschier L
• 通讯作者: Roschier L