York City Environment Observatory: Diagnostic Phase

约克市环境观测站：诊断阶段

• 批准号: EP/P001947/1
• 负责人: Alistair Boxall
• 金额: $ 50.63万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP001947%2F1
• 关键词: York; City; Environment; Observatory; Diagnostic

By the middle of this century, two thirds of the world's population will be urban - equivalent to around 6.3 billion people. Mismanagement of these urban areas will adversely affect the health and well-being (i.e. how people experience their lives and flourish) of the population, and lead to social and environmental injustice. It has long been recognised that good quality cultural, social, built and natural environments within cities provide benefits in terms of health, well-being and equity of urban residents. Conversely, poor quality environments negatively affect the health and well-being of citizens and have negative economic consequences. With increasing urbanisation and changes in climate, the built, cultural, social and natural environments within cities will come under further pressure. While the relationships between selected environment quality parameters, such as noise and air pollution and health, have been well characterised, relatively little is known about the relationship between other quality measures, or endpoints, of economic and societal well-being and health. A major reason for this limited understanding is that while much data on city environments exist, this is fragmented across numerous data owners, is not joined up or at suitable granularity. As these existing datasets have been collected for other reasons, they are not always in a form where they are useful for a wide variety of purposes or for future needs. Data on some important parameters simply does not yet exist. Additionally, specialists in the different disciplines needed to tackle these complex issues often work in isolation. By bringing data together, breaking down barriers across research disciplines and exploiting and developing new monitoring, modelling and analytical technologies (e.g. wireless sensing networks, wearable devices, drones, crowdsourcing, 3D models of cities and virtual reality), it should be possible to provide a holistic analysis of the quality of the environment with a city that can be used by many different stakeholders (e.g. researchers, policy makers, planners, businesses and the public) to address their needs. This holistic analysis will then provide us with a better understanding of how to manage city environments and will provide long-term benefits to citizens and the economy.The York City Environment Observatory (YCEO) initiative will address this major knowledge gap by providing a framework, tools and conceptual models at the urban scale that can be rolled-out to assist with governance of environments in York and other cities in the UK and around the world. In this diagnostic phase project, experts from a diverse range of sectors and disciplines, will work together in a holistic way to design and lay the groundwork for establishing the YCEO. The consortium will work with a range of stakeholders and look to the past, present and future in trying to diagnose and predict environmental issues for York and their associated human health and well-being and economic impacts. We will build on York's strong track record in open data and combine data and models in order to do this. This diagnostic project will allow us to develop a prototype design for the YCEO, to be implemented within the next five years and a roadmap for achieving this. The YCEO will be designed to provide the evidence-base for making decisions on how best to manage and enhance the social, cultural, built and natural environment across city systems now and into the future, and in this way, improve the health, well-being and equity of citizens and the economy of the city. The YCEO will also aid local, national and international stakeholders (including planners, businesses, residents and community groups) to come up with low cost and innovative solutions to a range of problems identified as part of this diagnostic phase of the Urban Living Partnership.

到本世纪中期，世界人口的三分之二将是城市人口，相当于约63亿人。对这些城市地区的管理不善将对人口的健康和福祉（即人们如何体验生活和繁荣）产生不利影响，并导致社会和环境不公正。人们早就认识到，城市内优质的文化、社会、建筑和自然环境有利于城市居民的健康、福祉和公平。相反，环境质量差会对公民的健康和福祉产生负面影响，并产生负面的经济后果。随着城市化进程的加快和气候的变化，城市内的建筑、文化、社会和自然环境将面临更大的压力。虽然选定的环境质量参数，如噪音和空气污染与健康之间的关系已经得到了很好的描述，但对其他质量指标或经济和社会福祉与健康的端点之间的关系知之甚少。这种有限的理解的一个主要原因是，虽然存在大量关于城市环境的数据，但这些数据分散在众多数据所有者之间，没有连接起来或以适当的粒度。由于这些现有数据集是出于其他原因收集的，因此它们并不总是以可用于各种目的或未来需求的形式存在。一些重要参数的数据根本还不存在。此外，需要处理这些复杂问题的不同学科的专家往往是孤立工作的。通过汇集数据，打破研究学科之间的障碍，利用和开发新的监测、建模和分析技术，（例如无线传感网络、可穿戴设备、无人机、众包、城市3D模型和虚拟现实），应该可以提供可供许多不同利益攸关方使用的城市环境质量的整体分析。（如研究人员、决策者、规划人员、企业和公众）满足他们的需求。这种全面的分析将使我们更好地了解如何管理城市环境，并将为公民和经济带来长期利益。约克城市环境观测站（YCEO）倡议将通过提供一个框架，城市规模的工具和概念模型，协助约克和英国及世界各地其他城市的环境治理。在这个诊断阶段项目中，来自不同部门和学科的专家将以全面的方式共同努力，为建立YCEO设计和奠定基础。该联合会将与一系列利益攸关方合作，着眼于过去、现在和未来，努力诊断和预测约克的环境问题及其相关的人类健康和福祉以及经济影响。我们将以约克在开放数据方面的良好记录为基础，并将联合收割机数据和模型结合起来，以实现这一目标。这个诊断项目将使我们能够为YCEO开发一个原型设计，并在未来五年内实施，以及实现这一目标的路线图。YCEO将为决策提供证据基础，以确定如何最好地管理和改善现在和未来城市系统中的社会，文化，建筑和自然环境，并通过这种方式改善公民的健康，福祉和公平以及城市的经济。YCEO还将帮助地方、国家和国际利益相关者（包括规划者、企业、居民和社区团体）为城市生活伙伴关系诊断阶段确定的一系列问题提出低成本和创新的解决方案。