Electro-magnetic field exposure reduction/avoidance for the next generations of wireless communication systems

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In the next generation of communication networks, to support the exponential rise in traffic demand, a large number of additional access points (i.e. base stations) will have to be deployed to supplement the existing ones. If no specific actions are taken, this will raise the level of electromagnetic (EM) radiation that the general public is exposed to, and increase their concerns about it. The overall objective of this research work is to investigate innovative techniques for reducing the EM exposure from communication systems by turning the increased density of access points, which will be a cornerstone of future networks, into an advantage. Having more access points in the networks give more degrees of freedom to, for example; reduce the transmit power of mobile device (i.e. the main source of exposure) by connecting/transmitting to several receivers simultaneously, or to connect/transmit only to access points that are not in the direction of the user head/body.