IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENTS FROM FOUR ETHNIC GROUPS

随着美国社会的日益多样化，人们越来越需要 更好地了解群体间的态度，作为规划的基础 减少族裔间紧张局势和促进积极族群间关系的方案 关系。虽然存在一些干预计划，但令人惊讶的是 这类计划缺乏概念上的支撑，也没有证据表明他们的 有效性。事实上，相互矛盾的假说(种族中心主义和 多元文化主义)对群体间做出了截然不同的预测 多元社会中的关系。拟议研究的目的 就是通过考察这些相互矛盾的观点 青少年对自己的民族或种族群体的态度，以及对 其他群体，并考察影响这些群体的背景因素 态度。这些问题将在四岁以下的青少年中进行测试。 美国主要种族群体(亚裔美国人、非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人、 和怀特)，在不同的高中环境中 每组(同质性与异质性)。这件事的第一步 该计划是验证目前正在进行的群体间态度测量 正在开发中。这些措施，连同现有的 民族态度，将在8所高中对800名学生进行调查 每所学校的同质性和异质性程度不同的学校 涉及的4个民族。这项调查将允许测试 不同学校背景下相互矛盾的假设。后续访谈 将与选定的主题进行深入探讨 语境和态度之间的关系。从结果来看，一个模型 将制定计划，并将进行实验研究，以 确定对自己和其他群体的态度可以达到的程度 修改过的。长期目标是开发一个知识库，作为 促进积极群体间互动的干预计划基金会 关系。这样的项目之所以重要，是因为它会带来不利的后果 对自己所在群体的负面态度和心理健康 其他种族或民族。

With the increasing diversity of American society, there is growing need for a better understanding of intergroup attitudes as a basis for planning programs to reduce inter-ethnic tension and promote positive intergroup relations. While some intervention programs exist, there is surprisingly little conceptual underpinning for such programs, or evidence to show their effectiveness. In fact, conflicting hypotheses (ethnocentrism and multiculturalism) make quite different predictions about intergroup relations in a pluralistic society. The purpose of the proposed research is to explore these conflicting views by examining the relationship between adolescents' attitudes toward their own ethnic or racial group and toward other groups, and to examine contextual factors that influence these attitudes. These questions will be examined among adolescents from four major American ethnic groups (Asian American, African American, Hispanic, and White), in high school environments that differ in the concentration of each group (homogeneous versus heterogeneous). The first step in this program is to validate measures of intergroup attitudes that are currently under development. These measures, together with existing measures of ethnic attitudes, will be used in a survey of 800 students in 8 high schools which differ in degree of homogeneity and heterogeneity for each of the 4 ethnic groups involved. The survey will permit testing of the conflicting hypotheses in differing school contexts. Follow-up interviews will be carried out with selected subjects to explore in depth the relationships among contexts and attitudes. From the results, a model program will be developed, and an experimental study will be carried out to determine the extent to which attitudes towards own and other groups can be modified. The long term goal is to develop a knowledge base as a foundation for intervention programs to promote positive intergroup relations. Such programs are important because of the adverse consequences to mental health of negative attitudes toward both one's own group and other racial or ethnic groups.