Smart Money: Precision Data Management for Distributed Ledger enabled Central Bank issued Digital Currencies

该项目调查了与中央银行、清算银行和其他利益相关者（其他政府部门（ogd）、商业金融机构和公民）如何有效利用支持分布式账本（DL）的中央银行发行的数字货币（cbdc）有关的数据管理、治理和社会效用挑战。这项研究的核心是一个治理框架，它使用智能合约来管理和监督所有认证和担保利益相关者在DL上持有的支付交易数据集的访问权限。通过一个由个人持有的公开密钥系统，可以方便地访问DL上的内容（允许他们跟踪或审计自己的交易活动）；政府机构（允许他们探索不同维度或类别的总支出水平，例如按公民消费阶层或行业部门）；以及司法部（只有通过智能司法授权，犯罪和安全机构或ogd才能访问个人记录）。我们将评估一个完全可审计、防篡改、负责任的智能治理系统的可行性，该系统将使所有利益相关者对其数据访问和处理活动负责，同时确保保护数据和个人隐私。此外，获得丰富的支付交易数据将使银行能够实时进行经济预测和风险管理，并根据支出模式进行精确定位。这在提供经济稳定和弹性的工具方面具有巨大的潜在价值，无论是在国家层面，例如评估银行债务的总敞口，还是在机构层面（例如在银行内部），例如评估客户群体令人担忧的消费者债务水平。它还可用于直接评估政府政策的经济影响，例如，由英国国家统计局（Office of National Statistics）检查支出模式，以及由英国政府通信总部（GCHQ）为国家安全挖掘金融流量模式。让谁参与进来，他们希望如何获得这些数据，运行支持DL的cbdc服务的经济价值和成本是什么，以及公民和民间社会团体如何认为它是社会可接受的，这些都是我们将调查的研究问题。这将通过研究活动来进行，探索金融架构和模型、信息内容和结构以及信息表示将如何影响从深度学习中获得的金融和经济内容的价值、使用、解释和预测应用。此外，我们将提供(i)基于使用实例的当前和新型数字分类账基础设施设计的见解和建议，（ii）评估其可能的潜在影响和相关性，并确定这些问题应该关注的对象，以及（iii）与中央银行和最终用户作为利益相关者合作，以确保设计解决方案满足他们的需求。

This project investigates the data management, governance and social utility challenges concerned with how central banks, clearing banks and other stakeholders (Other Government Departments (OGDs), commercial financial institutions and citizens) can make effective use of Distributed Ledger (DL) enabled Central Bank issued Digital Currencies (CBiDCs). Central to this research is a governance framework which uses smart contracts to manage and police access rights to payment transaction data sets held on the DL for all certified and warranted stakeholders. Access to the content on the DL will be facilitated through a public key system, held by: individuals (allowing them to track or audit their own transactional activities); Government agencies (allowing them to explore gross levels of spending across different dimensions or categories, such as by citizen-spender segment or industry sector); and the Ministry of Justice (accessible only by smart judicial warrant for crime and security agencies or OGDs to access individual records). We will assess the feasibility of a how a fully auditable, tamper-proof, responsible smart governance system will make all stakeholders accountable for their data access and processing activities, whilst ensuring the protection of data and individual privacy. Moreover, access to rich payment transaction data will allow banks to perform economic forecasting and risk management in real-time and precision-targeting by patterns of spending. This has huge potential value in offering tools for economic stability and resilience, both at a national level, e.g. to assess aggregate exposure to bank debt, or at an institutional level (such as within a bank), e.g. to assess worrying levels of consumer debt by customer group. It could also be used to directly assess the economic impacts of government policy, for example by the Office of National Statistics in examining patterns of spending, and GCHQ in mining patterns of financial traffic for national security. Who to involve, how they would want this data made available for access, what the economic value and cost of running DL enabled CBiDC services is, and how citizens and civil society groups find it to be socially acceptable are therefore all research questions that we will investigate. This will be conducted through research activities exploring how the financial architecture and models, information content and structure, and information presentation will impact on the value, use, interpretation, and application in forecasting of the financial and economic content available from the DL. Alongside, we will offer (i) insights and recommendations into the design of current and novel digital ledger infrastructures that are grounded in worked examples of use, (ii) evaluate their likely potential impact and relevancies and identify to whom these issues should be of concern to, and (iii) work alongside central bankers and end-users as stakeholders to ensure that design solutions meet their needs.