Exploiting the European XFEL for a New Generation of High Energy Density and Materials Science

利用欧洲 XFEL 实现新一代高能量密度和材料科学

• 批准号: EP/S022155/1
• 负责人: Malcolm McMahon
• 金额: $ 84.07万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FS022155%2F1
• 关键词: Exploiting; European; XFEL; New; Generation

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) produce quasi-monochromatic, highly-coherent, sub-100-fsec pulses of x-rays that are a billion times brighter than any synchrotron. The LCLS XFEL in the USA first lased in 2009, and research there is fundamentally changing how x-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and imaging are used by providing the ability to probe and understand the dynamics of matter on atomic length- and time-scales. The ultra-short x-ray pulse lengths from XFELs mean that they are ideal for making detailed x-ray scattering studies of extreme states of matter that exist for only a few billionths of a second. But progress at the LCLS has been constrained by the relatively low repetition rate of the LCLS, and the quality and repetition rate of the optical lasers used to create the short-lived states. As a result, while the transformative capabilities of XFELs have been demonstrated by the applicants at the LCLS over the last 5 years, progress has been limited.The European x-ray free electron laser (EXFEL) in Hamburg commenced operations in Sept 2017, and produces high-energy x-rays at unprecedented repetition rates. Furthermore, the UK-supplied DiPOLE diode-pumped optical laser that will be installed at EXFEL in 2019 will be vastly superior to the LCLS equivalent, having 5 times the energy, 2000 times the repetition rate, and the ability to change the laser pulse shape as required in real time. To exploit the £30M capital being invested by BEIS in the EXFEL project, the £8M invested by STFC and EPSRC in DiPOLE, and the £3M pa. UK contribution to EXFEL running costs, we have brought together a team of the leading UK researchers in XFEL and high-pressure science with the aim of combining EXFEL and DiPOLE to make transformative x-ray scattering studies of high energy density solids and liquids and metastable phases. We aim to understand how the remarkably complex properties of different phases of matter emerge from the correlations of the atomic or electronic constituents, and how to control and tailor these properties so that metastable states might be recovered to ambient conditions, leading to a whole new field with a gamut of practical applications.

X射线自由电子激光器（XFEL）产生准单色、高度相干、低于100飞秒的X射线脉冲，比任何同步加速器都要亮10亿倍。美国的LCLS XFEL于2009年首次发射激光，那里的研究通过提供探测和理解原子长度和时间尺度上物质动力学的能力，从根本上改变了X射线衍射，光谱学和成像的使用方式。XFEL的超短X射线脉冲长度意味着它们非常适合对存在时间仅为数十亿分之一秒的极端物质状态进行详细的X射线散射研究。但是LCLS的进展受到LCLS相对较低的重复率以及用于创建短寿命状态的光学激光器的质量和重复率的限制。因此，尽管XFEL的变革能力在过去5年中已被LCLS的申请人证明，但进展有限。位于汉堡的欧洲x射线自由电子激光器（EXFEL）于2017年9月开始运行，并以前所未有的重复率产生高能x射线。此外，将于2019年安装在EXFEL的英国提供的DiPOLE二极管泵浦光学激光器将大大上级LCLS等效激光器，具有5倍的能量，2000倍的重复率，并能够根据需要真实的改变激光脉冲形状。利用BEIS在EXFEL项目中投资的3000万英镑资本，STFC和EPSRC在DiPOLE项目中投资的800万英镑，以及300万英镑的PA。英国对EXFEL运行成本的贡献，我们汇集了一个XFEL和高压科学的领先英国研究人员团队，目的是将EXFEL和DiPOLE结合起来，对高能量密度固体和液体以及亚稳相进行变革性的X射线散射研究。我们的目标是了解如何从原子或电子成分的相关性中出现物质的不同阶段的显着复杂的属性，以及如何控制和定制这些属性，使亚稳态可以恢复到环境条件，从而导致一个全新的领域与实际应用的范围。

项目成果

Atomistic investigation of cavitation and ablation in tantalum foils under irradiation with x-rays approaching 5 keV

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.106.024107
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: M. J. Duff;P. Heighway;J. McHardy;A. D'Souza;R. McWilliams;J. Wark;M. McMahon

Experimental and computational study of the core-level crossing transition in iridium at high pressure

高压铱芯层交叉跃迁的实验与计算研究

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.109.024101
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Storm C

On the Electride Nature of Na-hP4

Na-hP4 的电子化合物性质

• DOI: 10.1002/ange.202310802
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Angewandte Chemie
• 作者: Racioppi S

Femtosecond diffraction and dynamic high pressure science

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0089388
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Physics
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: J. Wark;M. McMahon;J. Eggert

The stress state in bismuth to 298 GPa and its use as a pressure transmitting medium and pressure marker at multi-megabar pressures

铋在 298 GPa 下的应力状态及其在兆巴压力下作为压力传输介质和压力标记的用途

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0150419
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Physics
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Storm C