Sustainable urban power supply through intelligent control and enhanced restoration of AC/DC networks

中国仍然是世界上最大的电动汽车市场，英国正在带头部署电动汽车(EVS)，以实现2050年新的净零排放目标。由于土地空间有限，在通过传统输电线路输送更多电力方面受到限制，以及向关键负荷中心提供可靠电力方面的挑战，两国都将面临在城市地区连接电动汽车的挑战。该提案确定了常见技术挑战的领域，并制定了一项联合计划，以分析问题和评估可能的解决方案。城市地区是关键负载的重要位置，如医院、机场、公共交通网络和数据中心。由于60%的中国人口和83%的英国人口生活在城市地区，以最小的资本投资充分开发城市电网的潜在传输能力和弹性对公民和政府来说非常重要。为了释放现有交流线路的容量，提高可靠性，提出了一种交直流组合结构，并考虑了电力电子材料和变流器的贡献。在物联网(IoT)工具的支持下，研究电动汽车、交直流混合网络和分散发电的协调控制，以优化传输容量和增强容错操作，以实现有效的决策。将研究两个具体方面：基于物联网的数据驱动建模方法通过协调城市电网中分散的资源来实现响应服务的能力，以及电源转换器提供的净空空间以适应这种服务。物联网在提供有用数据以实现城市电网高效管理方面的贡献是实现智能城市的新兴范式。作为日常生活中必不可少的一部分，电能的最佳利用和可靠性变得至关重要。然而，大停电影响电力系统的安全稳定运行是一个重要问题。将探索和量化电动汽车的存储能力和通过电力转换器进行的优化调度，以便在紧急情况下提供电网支持服务。详细分析了借助物联网、电动汽车和电源转换器实现快速可靠识别和隔离的保护方案，并提出了再工程解决方案。将研究广泛使用与城市能源网络相连的分散资源所带来的技术挑战。数据驱动的建模将应用于城市电力系统，以表征电动汽车和分布式发电的能力，这将允许双向通信，将传统网络转变为更安全的网络。将重新评估包含电源转换器的传统网络拓扑，以消除潜在的浪费能源转换阶段，并支持灵活的服务。将开发具有空间-临时耦合和边缘-云协作的变流器和分布式资源的协调控制，以实现经济、可持续、有弹性和容错的城市电力系统运行。主要成果将是数据驱动的建模和分析方法，可以评估分布式资源和城市电网之间的空间-临时关系(对系统操作员和设备供应商有用)；工程解决方案，以映射车辆到电网服务的能力；在紧急情况下使用功率变流器的优化调度(对系统操作员、设备供应商和电动汽车所有者有用)；以及通过实时模拟和大规模实验室测试系统进行验证。主要工作计划将通过与1所中国研究院、2所中国大学和2所英国大学的国际伙伴关系进行。参与该项目的研究人员将从独特的国际合作和培训中受益。

China remains the world's largest electric car market, and the UK is leading deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) to meet the new net-zero 2050 emission target. Both nations will face challenges in connecting EVs in urban areas due to limited land space, constraints on carrying additional power over traditional transmission lines and challenges in providing reliable power to critical load centres. This proposal identifies areas of common technical challenges and lays out a joint programme to analyse the issues and assess possible solutions.Urban areas are the significant location of critical loads such as hospitals, airports, public transport network and data centres. Fully exploiting the potential transfer capacity and resilience of the urban electricity network with a minimum capital investment is important to citizens and governments as 60% of Chinese population and 83% of UK population live in urban areas. To release the capacity of existing AC lines and to increase the reliability, a combined AC/DC configuration is proposed, and contribution of power electronic materials and converters are considered. Coordinated control of EVs, hybrid AC/DC networks and dispersed generation are investigated to optimise transfer capacity and enhance fault-tolerant operation with the support of Internet-of-Things (IoT) tools to enable an efficient decision-making. Two specific aspects will be investigated: the ability of IoT based data-driven modelling method to enable response services by coordinating dispersed resources in an urban power network and the headroom provided by power converters to accommodate this service. The contribution of IoT in providing useful data that enable the efficient management of urban power network is an emerging paradigm for the realisation of smart cities. As an essential part of daily life, optimal utilisation and reliability of electric energy becomes paramount. However, blackouts affecting the security and stability of the power system is an important issue. EVs storage capacity and optimal scheduling through power converters will be explored and quantified to provide grid support services in the event of an emergency situation. Protection schemes that can achieve fast and reliable identification and isolation with the aids of IoT, EVs and power converters are analysed in detail and re-engineering solutions proposed. Technical challenges from widespread use of dispersed resources connected to urban energy networks will be studied. Data-driven modelling will be applied to urban power systems to characterise the capacity of EVs and distributed generations that will allow two-way communication that transforms conventional networks into more secure networks. Traditional network topologies with the inclusion of power converters will be reassessed to eliminate potentially wasteful energy conversion stages and support flexibility services. Coordinated control of converters and distributed resources with spatial-temporary coupling and edge-cloud collaboration will be developed to make cost-effective, sustainable, resilient and fault-tolerant urban power system operation.The key outputs will be the data-driven modelling and analysis methods that can assess the spatial-temporary relation between distributed resources and urban electricity network (useful to system operators and equipment vendors); engineering solutions to map the capability of vehicle to grid services; optimal scheduling using power converters in the event of an emergency situation (useful to system operators, equipment vendors and EV owners); and verification through real-time simulation and scaled laboratory test systems. The main work programme will be conducted through international partnership with 1 China research institute, 2 China universities and 2 UK universities. Researchers involved in the project will benefit from the unique international collaboration and training.