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Tiger in a Cage: Detecting Single Photons at low GHz Frequencies without Refrigerators, Vacuum Chambers or Magnets

笼中之虎：在低 GHz 频率下检测单光子，无需冰箱、真空室或磁铁

基本信息

批准号：
EP/V048430/1
负责人：
Mark Oxborrow
金额：
$ 25.77万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV048430%2F1
关键词：
Tiger Cage Detecting Single Photons

项目摘要

Optically polarizable "spin" molecules trapped within "cage" molecules will be synthesized and grown as molecular crystals. One such system is phenazine, as the spin-active "guest" molecule, enveloped by a cyclophane ExCage as the "host" molecule. It is conjectured that such molecularly engineered systems can provide the long spin relaxation times exhibited by N@C60 whilst being far easier to synthesize (and crystallize out) at high chemical yields. This conjecture will be tested experimentally, the relaxation times being quantified through transient-EPR measurements. It is further speculated that these systems are capable of generating very high spin polarization densities by dint of the guest molecule's high spatial concentration, far exceeding what can be achieved by "dilute" systems such as pentacene-doped para-terphenyl, which cannot be doped (in the bulk) above 0.1 % without compromising crystallinity. As a "back-up", spin-active charge-transfer crystals, such as phenazine:tetracyanobenzene ("TCNB") will also be grown and assessed. The most promising molecular systems, in the form of suitably shaped crystals, will then be laminated against piezoelectric chips capable of generating, propagating and detecting surface-acoustic waves (SAWs) in acoustic delay line structures. The chips' substrate material will be a selected "cut" of lithium niobate, the generation and detection of SAWs being provided by an opposing pair of metal interdigital transducers (IDTs) lithographically deposited onto each chip's surface. It is speculated that the coupling between the spin-polarized crystal and the SAW (as it propagates between the two IDTs) will either amplify or attenuate (=cool) the SAW depending on whether the crystal is emissively or absorptively spin-polarised. Immune from the forms of electronic noise that limit the performance of semiconductor-based amplifiers, it is further speculated that, with an emissively spin-polarized crystal, the structure will function as an avalanche photo-multiplier capable of detecting very small numbers of microwave photons at room temperature. Alternatively, with an absorptively polarized crystal, the device should be capable of approaching the quantum ground state (zero photons) of the spin-coupled SAW mode in question.Devices will be accurately simulated using advanced finite-element simulation software capable of representing coupled piezomechanical-microwave SAW modes. Various combinations of spin-polarizable crystal and SAW mode [e.g. Rayleigh versus Bleustein-Gulyaev] will be explored towards maximizing the spin-phonon coupling whilst avoiding excessive "leakiness" (thus loss) from the SAW mode. Both pulsed and CW operation will be explored.

被困在“笼子”分子中的光学极化“自旋”分子将被合成并生长为分子晶体。其中一个系统是苯那嗪，作为自旋活性的“客体”分子，被环烷包膜作为“宿主”分子。据推测，这种分子工程系统可以提供N@C60所展示的长自旋弛豫时间，同时在高化学产量下更容易合成（和结晶）。这一猜想将通过实验进行验证，弛豫时间将通过瞬态epr测量来量化。进一步推测，由于客体分子的高空间浓度，这些系统能够产生非常高的自旋极化密度，远远超过“稀释”系统所能达到的，例如掺五苯的对terphenyl，在不影响结晶度的情况下，掺量不能超过0.1%。作为“后备”，自旋活性电荷转移晶体，如非那嗪：四氰苯（“TCNB”）也将被培养和评估。最有前途的分子系统，以合适形状的晶体的形式，将被层压在能够在声延迟线结构中产生、传播和检测表面声波（saw）的压电芯片上。芯片的衬底材料将是一种选择的铌酸锂“切割”，saw的产生和检测由一对相反的金属数字间传感器（idt）提供，这些传感器通过光刻沉积在每个芯片表面。据推测，自旋极化晶体和声SAW之间的耦合（当它在两个idt之间传播时）将放大或减弱（=冷却）声SAW，这取决于晶体是发射型还是吸收型自旋极化。由于不受限制半导体放大器性能的电子噪声的影响，进一步推测，使用发射自旋极化晶体，该结构将作为雪崩光倍增器，能够在室温下探测到非常少量的微波光子。或者，使用吸收极化晶体，该器件应该能够接近所讨论的自旋耦合SAW模式的量子基态（零光子）。设备将使用先进的有限元模拟软件进行精确模拟，该软件能够表示耦合的压电-微波SAW模式。将探索自旋极化晶体和声表面波模式的各种组合[例如Rayleigh与Bleustein-Gulyaev]，以最大化自旋声子耦合，同时避免声表面波模式的过度“泄漏”（因此损失）。将探讨脉冲和连续波操作。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Perspective on room-temperature solid-state masers

DOI：
10.1063/5.0061330
发表时间：
2021-10-04
期刊：
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
影响因子：
4
作者：
Arroo, Daan M.;Alford, Neil McN.;Breeze, Jonathan D.
通讯作者：
Breeze, Jonathan D.

N-heteroacenes as an organic gain medium for room temperature masers

N-杂并苯作为室温微波激射器的有机增益介质

DOI：
10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-j0rj6-v2
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Attwood M
通讯作者：
Attwood M

Exploring the Triplet Spin Dynamics of the Charge-Transfer Co-crystal Phenazine/1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene for Potential Use in Organic Maser Gain Media

DOI：
10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01654
发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
影响因子：
0
作者：
Wern Ng;Shuyao Zhang;Hao Wu;Irena Nevjestić;Andrew J. P. White;M. Oxborrow
通讯作者：
Wern Ng;Shuyao Zhang;Hao Wu;Irena Nevjestić;Andrew J. P. White;M. Oxborrow

N-Heteroacenes as an Organic Gain Medium for Room-Temperature Masers.

DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00640
发表时间：
2023-06-13
期刊：
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Attwood, Max;Xu, Xiaotian;Newns, Michael;Meng, Zhu;Ingle, Rebecca A.;Wu, Hao;Chen, Xi;Xu, Weidong;Ng, Wern;Abiola, Temitope T.;Stavros, Vasilios G.;Oxborrow, Mark
通讯作者：
Oxborrow, Mark

Move Aside Pentacene: Diazapentacene-Doped para-Terphenyl, a Zero-Field Room-Temperature Maser with Strong Coupling for Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics.

并五苯：二氮杂并五苯掺杂的对三联苯，一种零场室温微波激射器，具有用于腔量子电动力学的强耦合。