Three-Dimensional Temporal Evolution of Primary Liquid Breakup in SPRAYs

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The purpose of the proposal is to quantify simultaneously the 3D instantaneous interaction between the continuous liquid core and the surrounding airflow at the primary breakup region of a model airblast atomizer, typically used in modern aeroengines. Fuel injector plays a vital role in cutting down pollutant levels to comply with stringent emission norms. However, the atomization process involves stochastic momentum coupling between air and liquid flows in 3D space that mandates database on simultaneous 3D air, liquid flow for the understanding of underlying physics and the delivery of novel correlations, guidelines required for design optimization. This project will understand better than anytime before the underlying physics of the liquid breakup process at the near nozzle region. This will be achieved by developing a novel laser diagnostic tool for simultaneous 3D (volumetric) measurements of the air and liquid flows during the breakup process. The novel laser diagnostic will combine: (a) plenoptic imaging of the liquid breakup region, using the optical connectivity technique to obtain instantaneous 3D continuous liquid structure during breakup, with (b) multi-laser sheet stereo Particle Image Velocimetry measurements of the 3D air flow around the breaking liquid. This is a unique capability not matched by any other instrument. First, the project involves generation of unique 3D (volumetric) database that allows the development and validation of computational models, which have never been compared to 3D (volumetric) measurements. Next, for the first time, 3D data will be acquired at realistic engine operating conditions through MERCATO test rig available at ONERA, France. The latter has a direct impact on building next-gen net-zero carbon aeroengines with reduced NOx and particulate emissions to comply with future EU ACARE goals (Flightpath 2050). Thus, the project will strengthen the EU's competitiveness in sustainable, low-emission mobility (EU Green Deal).