Enhanced Memory Ability: Insights from Synaesthesia

增强记忆能力:联觉的见解

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ES/K006215/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 40.71万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2013 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Consider the following quote from a synaesthete participant in our studies:"My coloured letters and numbers are for me wonderful memory aids and reminders. Not only are telephone numbers and dates, such as birthdays and anniversaries, made up of beautiful combinations of colours, they can also have shapes.... Units of time are visible to me too; sometimes they are three-dimensional, coloured or textured in appearance... This system helps me to plan my year". Synaesthesia is a remarkable way of perceiving the world. For some people, such as the person quoted above, letters, numbers and words may have colour (grapheme-colour synaesthesia) and sequences, such as years and months, are 'seen' as a three-dimensional figure in space (time-space synaesthesia). We have shown that synaesthesia runs in families and is present from a young age. The experiences are elicited (i.e. triggered by particular stimuli), automatic (i.e. occur involuntarily), and are often reported to have qualities of perceiving. To those who have synaesthesia it feels perfectly normal: that is, it is impossible to imagine what it is like to have, say, colourless numbers. On formal testing, however, synaesthetes have an unusual cognitive profile of strengths and weaknesses. In this research programme we will investigate enhanced memory in synaesthesia.Our general approach is to treat synaesthesia as a 'test case' to address other important research questions. For instance we consider how synaesthesia can inform general theories of memory. Importantly, not all aspects of memory are enhanced in synaesthesia and this can provide insights into how the memory system is structured. Indeed it is not trivially the case that material that elicits 'extra' sensations are better remembered: some material that does not evoke extra sensations (such as abstract figures) are also better remembered by synaesthetes. We suggest that synaesthetes have widespread changes in their perceptual systems (including but not limited to their extra experiences) and that systems supporting perception can also be engaged in memory. This approach makes contact with a much wider contemporary literature on memory including those arguments derived from animal models and patients with amnesia. In principle, studies of superior ability can be just as informative to models of memory as studies of impaired ability, even though the latter approach predominates. Moreover, cognitive psychology as a discipline has historically tended to dismiss rather than embrace individual difference (classifying it as 'noise' in the data). As such, we seek to tackle important questions relating to memory from a novel angle. An understanding of individual differences in memory functioning, derived from our research on synaesthesia, will have significant impact on other areas. For instance, one claim is that enhanced functioning in general may be protective against pathology or cognitive decline in ageing. We will test whether synaesthesia is a protective factor against age-related memory decline. Another claim is that the kind of 'low level' or 'visualising' cognitive style that we hypothesise to give rise to enhanced memory in synaesthesia may support enhanced memory in other special populations (e.g. savant memory abilities such as those sometimes found in autism). Although we do not test this directly in our main proposal, our findings will be relevant to those working in this domain and will be explored in a linked PhD.To tackle these questions we draw on a wide range of methods in cognitive psychology/neuroscience. We use both standard and bespoke tests of memory to explore which aspects of memory are enhanced. We explore how individual differences in perception (in non-synaesthetes) may relate to performance on certain memory tasks. Finally, we explore how the brain supports enhanced memory in synaesthesia using neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation methods
我们的研究中,有一位联觉者引用了他的话:“我的彩色字母和数字对我来说是极好的记忆辅助和提醒。不仅电话号码和日期,如生日和周年纪念日,由美丽的颜色组合组成,它们也可以有形状。时间单位对我来说也是可见的;有时它们是三维的,颜色或纹理的外观。这个系统帮助我计划我的一年”。通感是感知世界的一种非凡方式。对某些人来说,例如上面引用的人,字母、数字和单词可能有颜色(字形-颜色联觉),而序列,例如年和月,被“视为”空间中的三维图形(时空联觉)。我们已经表明,通感在家庭中运行,并从年轻的时候就存在。这些体验是引发的(即由特定刺激触发),自动的(即不自觉地发生),并且通常被报告为具有感知的品质。对于那些有通感的人来说,这是完全正常的:也就是说,不可能想象拥有无色数字的感觉。然而,在正式的测试中,联觉者有一个不寻常的关于优势和劣势的认知轮廓。在这个研究项目中,我们将探讨联觉中的记忆增强。我们的一般方法是将联觉作为一个“测试案例”来解决其他重要的研究问题。例如,我们考虑通感如何为记忆的一般理论提供信息。重要的是,并不是记忆的所有方面都能在联觉中得到增强,这可以让我们深入了解记忆系统是如何构建的。事实上,激发“额外”感觉的材料更容易被记住,这并不是一件小事:联觉者也更容易记住一些不会引起额外感觉的材料(如抽象图形)。我们认为,联觉者的知觉系统(包括但不限于他们的额外经验)有广泛的变化,支持知觉的系统也可以参与记忆。这种方法与当代更广泛的记忆文献相联系,包括那些来自动物模型和健忘症患者的论点。原则上,对上级能力的研究可以像对受损能力的研究一样为记忆模型提供信息,尽管后者占主导地位。此外,认知心理学作为一门学科历来倾向于忽视而不是拥抱个体差异(将其归类为数据中的“噪音”)。因此,我们试图从一个新的角度来解决与记忆有关的重要问题。从我们对通感的研究中得出的对记忆功能的个体差异的理解,将对其他领域产生重大影响。例如,有一种说法认为,增强的功能通常可以防止衰老中的病理或认知能力下降。我们将测试联觉是否是防止与年龄相关的记忆衰退的保护因素。另一种说法是,我们假设的那种“低水平”或“视觉化”的认知方式可以增强联觉记忆,这可能支持其他特殊人群的记忆增强(例如,学者记忆能力,例如有时在自闭症中发现的记忆能力)。虽然我们没有在我们的主要建议中直接测试这一点,但我们的研究结果将与在这一领域工作的人相关,并将在相关的博士学位中进行探索。我们使用标准和定制的记忆测试来探索记忆的哪些方面得到了增强。我们探讨如何在知觉(非联觉)的个体差异可能与某些记忆任务的性能。最后,我们探讨了大脑如何支持增强记忆的联觉使用神经成像和非侵入性脑刺激方法

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Additional file 2: of Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism
附加文件2:Savant综合症在自闭症中具有独特的心理特征
  • DOI:
    10.6084/m9.figshare.7203944
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Hughes J
  • 通讯作者:
    Hughes J
Enhanced recognition memory in grapheme-color synaesthesia for different categories of visual stimuli
增强不同类别视觉刺激的字素-颜色联觉识别记忆
  • DOI:
    10.7892/boris.85884
  • 发表时间:
    2013
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Jones A
  • 通讯作者:
    Jones A
Additional file 1: of Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism
附加文件1:Savant综合症在自闭症中具有独特的心理特征
  • DOI:
    10.6084/m9.figshare.7203923
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Hughes J
  • 通讯作者:
    Hughes J
Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism.
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s13229-018-0237-1
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    6.2
  • 作者:
    Hughes JEA;Ward J;Gruffydd E;Baron-Cohen S;Smith P;Allison C;Simner J
  • 通讯作者:
    Simner J
Is Synaesthesia More Prevalent in Autism Spectrum Conditions? Only Where There Is Prodigious Talent
联觉在自闭症谱系疾病中更普遍吗?
  • DOI:
    10.17863/cam.9084
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Hughes J
  • 通讯作者:
    Hughes J
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Jamie Ward其他文献

Sensory substitution as an artificially acquired synaesthesia
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.007
  • 发表时间:
    2014-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jamie Ward;Thomas Wright
  • 通讯作者:
    Thomas Wright
The taste of words on the tip of the tongue
舌尖上的文字味道
  • DOI:
    10.1038/444438a
  • 发表时间:
    2006-11-22
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    48.500
  • 作者:
    Julia Simner;Jamie Ward
  • 通讯作者:
    Jamie Ward
Sensory representations in primary visual cortex are not sufficient for subjective imagery
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.062
  • 发表时间:
    2024-11-04
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Giulia Cabbai;Chris Racey;Julia Simner;Carla Dance;Jamie Ward;Sophie Forster
  • 通讯作者:
    Sophie Forster
Applying E-learning Technologies to Library Information Literacy Instruction
More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s40359-025-02585-4
  • 发表时间:
    2025-03-13
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.000
  • 作者:
    Mengze Li;Bin Liu;Qiannan Jia;Tifei Yuan;Yuting Feng;Hugo Critchley;Qun Yang;Jamie Ward
  • 通讯作者:
    Jamie Ward

Jamie Ward的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jamie Ward', 18)}}的其他基金

Advancing Gender Equity by Scaling Systemic Change in Community College Computing Programs with Research-Based Resources and Communities of Practice
通过基于研究的资源和实践社区扩大社区大学计算项目的系统性变革,促进性别平等
  • 批准号:
    2329678
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.71万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
ADVANCE Partnership: Advancing Gender Equity in Computing and Engineering Academic Professions through Multi-Organization Collaboration
ADVANCE 合作伙伴关系:通过多组织合作促进计算和工程学术专业的性别平等
  • 批准号:
    2204380
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.71万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
'Mirror Touch' and the Neural Basis of Empathy (Response to: Society, Social Behaviour and the Neurosciences)
“镜像触摸”和同理心的神经基础(回应:社会、社会行为和神经科学)
  • 批准号:
    ES/F036248/1
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.71万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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CREB在杏仁核神经环路memory allocation中的作用和机制研究
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    30.0 万元
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Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composite materials with shape memory ability: relationship between material structure and shape memory characteristics
具有形状记忆能力的碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料:材料结构与形状记忆特性的关系
  • 批准号:
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The impact of beliefs about memory ability on cognitive skill and lived experience in older adults
关于记忆能力的信念对老年人认知技能和生活经历的影响
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