Integrated studies of working later in life: individual and contextual determinants of extended working

晚年工作的综合研究：延长工作的个人和背景决定因素

• 批准号: ES/L002892/1
• 负责人: Jennifer Head
• 金额: $ 127.46万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL002892%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; studies; working; later; life

With the growth of the older population predicted to continue in coming decades, it is increasingly important to understand how to encourage work participation in older people in jobs that will be satisfying and will promote healthy ageing. This project will explore characteristics of individuals and their family, workplace and living environments that promote working beyond age 50. Existing research has identified several factors that make a person more or less likely to retire from paid work including their health, financial circumstances, pension provision, their partner's health and partner's employment status and these have different contributions depending on whether we consider voluntary or disability-related retirement. These determinants have typically been measured around the time of retirement. Using long-running surveys, including some surveys which have been following a set of people from birth onwards, we will look further back in a person's life to see if there are factors which can be identified earlier on that could help identify early intervention points and help us understand more about how the health and social circumstances of an individual and their family across life promote or inhibit options for extended working.Work environments may be more or less supportive of extended working. We will use several on-going surveys, including some occupational surveys that have recorded detailed information on a person's work environment across most of their career. We will examine features of workplaces and jobs, such as the extent of autonomy, control and satisfaction that an employee has in their work, their working hours, and the physical demands of the job. We will consider whether any of these work-related factors contribute to helping or hindering older people with long-term musculoskeletal or psychological ill health to remain in work. Although there are considerable regional differences in the proportions of older people that are in work, studies have not yet explored what underlies these differences between regions. We will examine whether the local context, including local area unemployment rates and other characteristics of local industry, at various points in time over the last four decades or more contributes to extended working. These are known to be related to an individual's likelihood of being in paid work across the age range of working adults but their particular relevance for working in later life, and the ways in which they might interact with individual characteristics, is not yet clear. Finally, we will consider the national setting. The employment rate of older people varies substantially across countries, which indicates that national policies and cultural norms of extended working could contribute to retirement decisions. We have identified several surveys from Europe which will allow us to compare health and workplace characteristics with our UK studies.The project makes excellent use of existing surveys that have been invested in over several decades so we will not have to collect new data. A key part of the analysis will be to standardise the data from the various surveys as much as is possible. We will then use statistical techniques to look at whether the likelihood of working beyond 50 years of age (with and without a chronic musculoskeletal or psychological condition) differs according to individual, workplace, or local area factors.We will be developing these research questions and sharing research findings with a range of interested parties through written reports, presentations at conferences (including a conference we will organise to bring together people working in different disciplines and service sectors), a project website, our links with Government and employers, and, where appropriate, through the national media.

由于预计今后几十年老年人口将继续增长，了解如何鼓励老年人参与工作，从事令人满意和促进健康老龄化的工作，就变得越来越重要。该项目将探索个人及其家庭、工作场所和生活环境的特点，促进50岁以上的人继续工作。现有的研究已经确定了几个因素，使一个人或多或少有可能从带薪工作中退休，包括他们的健康、财务状况、养老金供应、伴侣的健康和伴侣的就业状况，这些因素的贡献不同，取决于我们是考虑自愿退休还是因残疾而退休。这些决定因素通常是在退休前后测量的。通过长期的调查，包括一些从出生开始就跟踪一组人的调查，我们将进一步回顾一个人的生活，看看是否有一些可以早期识别的因素可以帮助确定早期干预点，并帮助我们更多地了解个人及其家庭的健康和社会环境如何促进或抑制延长工作时间的选择。工作环境可能或多或少地支持长时间工作。我们将使用几个正在进行的调查，包括一些职业调查，这些调查记录了一个人在其大部分职业生涯中的工作环境的详细信息。我们将研究工作场所和工作的特点，比如员工在工作中的自主权、控制力和满意度、工作时间和工作的体力要求。我们将考虑这些与工作相关的因素是否有助于或阻碍患有长期肌肉骨骼或心理疾病的老年人继续工作。尽管老龄人口的就业比例存在相当大的地区差异，但研究尚未探讨地区之间差异的根源。我们将研究当地环境，包括当地失业率和当地工业的其他特征，在过去四十年或更长时间内的不同时间点是否有助于延长工作时间。众所周知，这些特征与一个人在整个工作年龄范围内从事有偿工作的可能性有关，但它们与晚年工作的特殊相关性，以及它们与个人特征的相互作用方式，尚不清楚。最后，我们将考虑国家背景。各国老年人的就业率差别很大，这表明延长工作时间的国家政策和文化规范可能有助于退休决定。我们已经确定了几项来自欧洲的调查，这将使我们能够将健康和工作场所特征与我们在英国的研究进行比较。这个项目很好地利用了已经投入了几十年的现有调查，所以我们不需要收集新的数据。分析的一个关键部分将是尽可能使各种调查的数据标准化。然后，我们将使用统计技术来研究50岁以上（有或没有慢性肌肉骨骼或心理疾病）的工作可能性是否会因个人、工作场所或当地因素而有所不同。我们将开发这些研究问题，并通过书面报告、在会议上的演讲（包括我们将组织的一个会议，汇集不同学科和服务行业的人员）、项目网站、我们与政府和雇主的联系，以及在适当情况下通过全国媒体，与一系列感兴趣的各方分享研究成果。

项目成果

Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts.

• DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104619
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Occupational and environmental medicine
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Carr E;Fleischmann M;Goldberg M;Kuh D;Murray ET;Stafford M;Stansfeld S;Vahtera J;Xue B;Zaninotto P;Zins M;Head J
• 通讯作者: Head J

Work stress, caregiving, and allostatic load: prospective results from the Whitehall II cohort study.

• DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000191
• 发表时间: 2015-06
• 期刊: Psychosomatic medicine
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Dich N;Lange T;Head J;Rod NH
• 通讯作者: Rod NH

Comorbidity and work disability among employees with diabetes: Associations with risk factors in a pooled analysis of three cohort studies

• DOI: 10.1177/1403494815605245
• 发表时间: 2016-02-01
• 期刊: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Ervasti, Jenni;Kivimaki, Mika;Virtanen, Mariana
• 通讯作者: Virtanen, Mariana

Psychosocial factors associated with work disability in men and women with diabetes: a pooled analysis of three occupational cohort studies.

与男性和女性糖尿病患者工作障碍相关的心理社会因素：三项职业队列研究的汇总分析。

• DOI: 10.1111/dme.12821
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: a journal of the British Diabetic Association
• 作者: Ervasti J

Sickness absence diagnoses among abstainers, low-risk drinkers and at-risk drinkers: consideration of the U-shaped association between alcohol use and sickness absence in four cohort studies.

• DOI: 10.1111/add.14249
• 发表时间: 2018-06-05
• 期刊: Addiction (Abingdon, England)
• 作者: Ervasti J;Kivimäki M;Head J;Goldberg M;Airagnes G;Pentti J;Oksanen T;Salo P;Suominen S;Jokela M;Vahtera J;Zins M;Virtanen M
• 通讯作者: Virtanen M