ADAPTATION OF LABORATORY REARED MONKEYS TO FIELD ENVIRONMENTS

这个项目调查了恒河猴和其他灵长类动物是如何出生的 并在不同的实验室条件下饲养， 自然主义的户外环境，并将这种适应过程与 在自然环境和室内环境中， 猴子自然栖息地的具体物理和社会特征。 适应性的评估是通过检查行为剧目， 监测这些受试者的各种生理系统， 基础广泛的相对身心健康指数。 在1991财政年度，中年成员之间的详细纵向比较 生活在一个5英亩的户外围栏里， 在可比时期内生活在室内围栏中的群体成员 揭示了令人惊讶的群体差异：室内受试者表现出更高的 社会和探索活动的水平比生活在 室外环境。 年度稳定性显著， 6 ~ 10岁儿童的几种行为的个体差异为 这也是两组的证明。 对最老的一组的后续分析 成员揭示了显着的稳定性，个别差异，在某些 从婴儿期到20岁的行为，表现出行为的连续性 在整个物种的生命周期中。 其他研究 专注于直接比较群体圈养的恒河猴和卷尾猴 猴子的行为和对各种 环境富集装置。 一个详细的研究比较发声 野生卷尾猴和圈养卷尾猴的模式 继续进行。 一系列比较研究的累积结果 野生卷尾猴、松鼠、 猴子和金狮绢毛猴得出的一般结论是， 这些新大陆野生猴子发出的声音 发挥维持部队凝聚力的作用， 协调部队行动。 最后，原则收集自 制定界定和促进受监禁儿童福祉的程序， 非人类灵长类物种被正式检查， 关于物质和社会环境的各个方面， 促进和提高人类的福祉。

This project investigates how rhesus monkeys and other primate species born and raised under different laboratory conditions adapt to placement into naturalistic outdoor environments and compares this adaptation process to that seen in natural settings and in indoor environments that contain specific physical and social features of the monkeys' natural habitat. Adaptation is assessed by examining behavioral repertoires and by monitoring a variety of physiological systems in these subjects, yielding broad-based indices of relative physical and psychological well-being. During FY91 detailed longitudinal comparisons between middle-aged members of rhesus monkey troop living in a 5-acre outdoor enclosure and same-aged members of a group living in an indoor pen over a comparable period revealed surprising group differences: indoor subjects displayed higher levels of social and exploratory activities than did the subjects living in the outdoor field environment. Remarkable year-to-year stability of individual differences for several behaviors from 6 to 10 years of age was also demonstrated for both groups. Subsequent analyses of the oldest group members revealed significant stability of individual differences in certain behaviors from infancy to 20 years, demonstrating a behavioral continuity over essentially the entire lifespan for the species. Other studies focused on direct comparisons between group-housed rhesus and capuchin monkeys with respect to behavioral repertoires and responses to various environmental enrichment devices. A detailed study comparing vocalization patterns of wild-living capuchin monkeys with those maintained in captivity was continued. The cumulative results of a series of comparative studies of vocalization patterns of wild troops of capuchin monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and gold lion tamarins yielded the general conclusion that most vocalizations produced by these New World monkey species in the wild function to maintain troop cohesion and permit the initiation and coordination of troop movement. Finally, principles gleaned from developing procedures for defining and promoting well-being in captive nonhuman primate species were formally examined for possible insights regarding aspects of physical and social environments that might serve to promote and enhance well-being in human populations.