FACTORS AFFECTING NUTURANT BEHAVIOR TOWARD INFANTS

本研究关注的是父母在孩子出生后的心理特征， 怀孕期间，对哭声的反应有不同程度的 厌恶，以及婴儿特征的个体差异， 影响婴儿发育和亲子关系的因素 在生命的前三年。第一次怀孕的母亲和他们的 配偶在产前和产后进行了研究，父母和婴儿 在3、9、12和36个月时进行随访。 非妊娠妇女进行了评估 在对应于产前的时间， 3个月。 这项研究采用了多层次的测量， 包括观察、自我报告和生理程序。 数据 收集工作已经完成，所有程序都已评分。 12个月随访研究的结果已提交和报告 出版。 其中出现的调查结果如下：（1） 12个月大的母婴依恋关系是可以预测的， 3-月间模式，涉及二元困境管理和 从母亲的产前评估，包括焦虑的措施;（2） 个体差异的基本频率的哭声引起的， 新生儿在三个月内相对稳定， 听觉参数与父母对婴儿的评价显著相关 气质 那些性格难相处的婴儿， 独特的叫声特征。 后一种结果产生了 随后的一项哭泣研究旨在评估 婴儿哭声的定性和定量方面。

This study concerns psychological characteristics of parents during the pregnancy period, reactivity to cries that have varying degrees of aversiveness, and individual differences in infant characteristics as factors that influence infant development and the parent-child relationship in the first three years of life. First time expectant mothers and their spouses were studied prenatally and neonatally, and parents and infants were followed at 3, 9, 12, and 36 months. Nonpregnant women were assessed with a subset of the procedures at times corresponding to the prenatal and 3 month period. The study employed multiple levels of measurement, including observational, self-report, and physiological procedures. Data collection has been completed and all procedures have been scored. Findings from the 12-month follow-up study have been presented and reported for publication. Among the findings to emerge are the following: (1) The mother-infant attachment relationship at 12-months is predictable from 3-month interactional patterns involving dyadic distress management and from prenatal assessments of the mother, including measures of anxiety; (2) Individual differences in the fundamental frequency of cries elicited in the neonatal through three month periods are relatively stable, and this acoustic parameter is significantly related to parent ratings of infant temperament. Those infants characterized as difficult in temperament have distinctive acoustic cry characteristics. The latter result has generated a subsequent cry study designed to assess the relationship between qualitative and quantitative aspects of infant cries.