DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RHESUS MONKEY REACTIVITY

该项目通过以下方式研究灵长类动物的生物行为发展 纵向比较调查，特别强调 恒河猴的个体差异 应对温和的环境挑战，并确定 对这些人的长期发展影响， 不同的物理和社会环境。 研究完成时间 FY88改进的新生儿指标可预测这些个体 差异，其特点是不同早期的长期影响 饲养环境，延长了已知的发展时期， 这些个体差异的连续性 证明，并确定野生出生的平行现象， 生活在野外的恒河猴 具体而言：（1） 婴儿出生后第一个月的状态指标如下： 被发现是高度预测的行为，神经激素， 在保育室饲养和 母猴养育了幼猴和幼猴， 这些早期措施对出生和饲养在 复杂的社会群体。(2)早期养育差异（母亲vs. 幼儿园同伴）的恒河猴婴儿被证明有 显著的行为、肾上腺皮质、神经化学和 免疫学后果，可以检测到在不同的 在整个童年时期的新奇和挑战的条件， 青春期在这些科目。 (3)个体的连续性 不同的猴子对挑战的反应， 婴儿期到青春期和成年早期，以前 行为和肾上腺皮质指数，显示 延伸到中央单胺周转的措施，具有强大的 间接证据表明，这种差异是高度 遗传的 (4)研究野生出生的恒河猴群体生活在 在自然主义的背景下， 生物行为发育稳定性个体差异 既往实验室研究中确定的攻毒反应， 不仅推广到自然群体，而且似乎是 对这些猴子有着重要的生物学意义。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal investigations, with special emphasis on characterizing individual differences among rhesus monkeys in response to mild environmental challenge and on determining the long-term developmental consequences for these individuals in different physical and social environments. Studies completed in FY88 refined neonatal measures predictive of these individual differences, characterized long term influences of different early rearing environments, extended the known period of development for which continuity of these individual differences can be demonstrated, and identified parallel phenomena among wild-born rhesus monkeys living in field settings. More specifically: (1) Measures of infant state throughout the first month of life were found to be highly predictive of behavioral, neurohormonal, and immunological response to separation in both nursery reared and mother reared monkey infants and juveniles, greatly expanding the utility of such early measures for monkeys born and reared in complex social groups. (2) Differential early rearing (mother vs. nursery-peer) of rhesus monkey infants was shown to have significant behavioral, adrenocortical, neurochemical, and immunological consequences that can be detected under diverse conditions of novelty and challenge throughout the childhood and adolescence years in these subjects. (3) Continuity of individual differences in response to challenge among like-reared monkeys from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood, previously demonstrated for behavioral and adrenocortical indices, was shown to extend to measures of central monoamine turnover, with strong circumstantial evidence that such differences were highly heritable. (4) Studies of wild-born rhesus monkey groups living in naturalistic settings revealed that the basic pattern of developmental stable individual differences in biobehavioral response to challenge identified in previous laboratory studies not only generalized to natural groups but also appeared to be of considerable biological significance for these monkeys.