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Learning from small cities: Governing imagined futures and the dynamics of change in India's smart urban age

向小城市学习：治理想象中的未来和印度智慧城市时代的变化动态

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R006857/2
负责人：
Ayona Datta
金额：
$ 27.61万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR006857%2F2
关键词：
Learning small cities Governing imagined

项目摘要

The coming of an Indian urban age has highlighted the challenges of rapid urbanisation and rural-urban migration in planning for sustainable futures. In India, solutions to this challenge are imagined in two interlinked programmes of Digital India and 100 Smart Cities that claim to present a new 'certainty' of governing urban futures. This project begins with the hypothesis that 'small cities' are the test-beds of experiments in 'futuring', since a majority of current smart city proposals are in cities with population < 3 million. These small cities present a 'double gap' in our knowledge of urban futures since a) there is uncertainty around the role that they will play in delivering on the challenges of India's urban age, and b) there is a research gap in understanding how their futuring is translated into 'actually existing' smart cities in India.This two year project will critically learn from the dynamics of change in small cities as they are transformed by smart technologies and infrastructures. It will use interdisciplinary approaches from urban, social and cultural geography, as well as sociology and geoinformatics to learn from three small cities - Shimla, Jalandhar and Nashik. Conceptually, we approach 'small cities' not as demographically defined entities but as 'ordinary cities' with specific social, cultural, political, and historical contexts of 'smallness' that has kept them 'off the map' of urban studies. This project will focus on three interlinked scales - state, city and citizen through the following research questions: 1. How and why do small cities become the test-beds of state imaginations of India's urban futures?At a national scale, we will explore how and why state visions of 'futuring', through Digital India and 100 Smart Cities programmes, make specific 'assets' in small cities worthy of incubating these imaginaries. Specifically, we will investigate the genealogies of 'futuring' in India's urbanization and its links to current visions of smart cities. 2. How do small cities translate state imagined urban futures into 'actually existing' smart cities? Building on RQ1, we will explore how small cities imagine their own urban futures, through particular smart city projects. Specifically, we will examine how small cities learn to innovate by championing their 'assets' in a competitive international context while negotiating for more autonomous roles in governing their futures. 3. How do citizens of small cities 'live with change' induced by smart city developments? Following on from RQ1 and 2 above, we will investigate how smart city projects are perceived by those citizens who are targets of these projects at the neighbourhood level; how they are experienced, negotiated, challenged and supported. This takes 'futuring' as a lived experience of change where everyday knowledge of community assets, resources and infrastructures will be used to inform smart city policies at larger scales. 4. How can we 'learn' from small cities to inform practices of 'thinking' and 'doing' urban policy? This brings together the above RQs to take learning as a reflective practice in urban theory and policy. Specifically, we will focus on how learning occurs at three interlinked scales of state, city and citizen and how this transform the ways that we might imagine global urban futures. The project will use a range of interdisciplinary, digital, visual and participatory methodologies. In each of these cities, we will undertake analysis of imagined urban futures through longitudinal mapping and analysis of physical and social transformations, crowdsourced digital and community asset mapping and interviews with stakeholders and 'beneficiaries' of smart city projects. The findings will direct specific pathways to impact including an animated infographic of smart city asset toolkit, local language policy briefing pamphlets, dedicated website, blogs, project conference, exhibition and catalogue.

印度城市时代的到来凸显了快速城市化和城乡移民在规划可持续未来方面面临的挑战。在印度，数字印度和 100 个智慧城市这两个相互关联的计划设想了应对这一挑战的解决方案，这两个计划声称为治理城市未来提供了新的“确定性”。该项目首先假设“小城市”是“未来”实验的试验台，因为目前大多数智慧城市提案都位于人口< 300 万的城市。这些小城市在我们对城市未来的了解中存在“双重差距”，因为：a）它们在应对印度城市时代挑战中将发挥的作用存在不确定性；b）在理解它们的未来如何转化为印度“实际存在的”智慧城市方面存在研究差距。这个为期两年的项目将批判性地学习小城市在智能技术和基础设施改造过程中的动态变化。它将利用城市、社会和文化地理学以及社会学和地理信息学的跨学科方法，向三个小城市——西姆拉、贾朗达尔和纳西克学习。从概念上讲，我们不是将“小城市”视为人口定义的实体，而是将其视为具有特定社会、文化、政治和“小”历史背景的“普通城市”，这使得它们“脱离了城市研究的地图”。该项目将通过以下研究问题，重点关注三个相互关联的尺度——国家、城市和公民： 1. 小城市如何以及为何成为印度城市未来国家想象的试验场？在全国范围内，我们将探讨国家“未来”愿景如何以及为何通过数字印度和100个智慧城市计划，使小城市中的特定“资产”值得孵化这些想象。具体来说，我们将调查印度城市化“未来”的谱系及其与当前智慧城市愿景的联系。 2. 小城市如何将国家想象的城市未来转化为“实际存在的”智慧城市？在 RQ1 的基础上，我们将通过特定的智慧城市项目探索小城市如何想象自己的城市未来。具体来说，我们将研究小城市如何通过在竞争性的国际环境中捍卫其“资产”来学习创新，同时在管理其未来方面争取更自主的角色。 3. 小城市居民如何应对智慧城市发展带来的“变化”？继上述 RQ1 和 2 的基础上，我们将调查作为社区层面项目目标的公民如何看待智慧城市项目；他们如何经历、谈判、挑战和支持。这将“未来”视为一种现实的变化体验，社区资产、资源和基础设施的日常知识将被用来为更大规模的智慧城市政策提供信息。 4. 我们如何向小城市“学习”，以指导“思考”和“做”城市政策的实践？这汇集了上述 RQ，将学习视为城市理论和政策的反思性实践。具体来说，我们将重点关注学习如何在国家、城市和公民这三个相互关联的尺度上发生，以及这如何改变我们想象的全球城市未来的方式。该项目将使用一系列跨学科、数字、视觉和参与性方法。在这些城市中，我们将通过对物理和社会变革的纵向测绘和分析、众包数字和社区资产测绘以及对智慧城市项目的利益相关者和“受益人”的访谈，对想象中的城市未来进行分析。研究结果将指导具体的影响途径，包括智慧城市资产工具包的动画信息图、当地语言政策简报小册子、专门网站、博客、项目会议、展览和目录。