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Deciphering and disrupting the social, spatial and temporal systems behind transnational human trafficking: a data science approach

破译和破坏跨国人口贩运背后的社会、空间和时间系统：数据科学方法

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S008624/1
负责人：
Ella Cockbain
金额：
$ 46.47万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS008624%2F1
关键词：
Deciphering disrupting social spatial temporal

项目摘要

Human trafficking is widely described as one of the world's biggest, fastest growing and most lucrative organised crimes. For all the bold rhetoric, there is woefully little scientific evidence on human trafficking's scale, nature, distribution, organisation and evolution. The number of victims officially identified in the UK grows year-on-year but these cases are just the tip of the iceberg as many victims go unreported or undetected. A recent estimate suggested the UK had around 7,000 to 10,000 trafficking victims in one year. Human trafficking is not only a complex social issue but also a very emotive one: it often involves the sale of vulnerable people and extreme exploitation of their bodies and labour. It causes serious harms, undermining the safety, security and welfare of individual victims, communities and nations. Many millions of pounds are spent each year trying to combat trafficking. Without a strong evidence base, there is a very real risk that myths, stereotypes, assumptions and hidden agendas step in to fill the gaps. Ill-informed measures can be very costly, ineffective and even actively detrimental. It is therefore vital to invest in high-quality research to improve understanding and inform policy and practice. Our ultimate vision is to improve how data are used to analyse and intervene in transnational human trafficking. Our research will support a far more targeted and nuanced approach to counter-trafficking. It focuses on three key dimensions to the complex systems involved in trafficking: social structures, geographical space and time. We will systematically examine the structure of the social networks in which traffickers and victims are embedded, identifying key roles and vulnerabilities. We will determine where major steps in the trafficking process occur, mapping hotspots (places where crime concentrates), profiling key locations and examining supply and demand, risk and resilience and geographical flows. We will analyse patterns and trends in trafficking and their evolution over time. Throughout the research, we will explore the implications of our results for better detecting, deterring and disrupting trafficking, increasing resilience and reducing harms.Our project will be the largest and most comprehensive assessment of transnational human trafficking affecting the UK. It will include adult and child victims trafficked for diverse purposes, including exploitation in the sex trade, the home and numerous other licit and illicit labour markets. Data access is a notorious barrier to trafficking research but we have remarkable access to important national datasets: the UK's central system for victim identification; the Modern Slavery Helpline; and a unique research dataset on trafficking networks. We will also draw widely on publicly available datasets (e.g. Census data) to inform our analyses. We will use methods that vastly advance understanding of human trafficking but have rarely been possible in this field due to shortages of data and skills. Our work is truly interdisciplinary, drawing on geography, crime science, criminology, data science, epidemiology, sociology, computer science and mathematics. Our research will generate vital insights into transnational human trafficking on an unprecedented scale. We have an outstanding team that combines leading academics, non-governmental organisations, law enforcement and government. Our collaborative approach positions us well to translate excellent scientific research into genuine change. As well traditional academic outputs, we will run interactive workshops in the UK and abroad, develop a software solution, training and toolkits, produce policy briefings and deliver an innovative and tightly targeted campaign to counter trafficking. We will also run events and produce outputs designed to stimulate more high-quality research and research-informed interventions not just around human trafficking but other transnational organised crimes.

人口贩运被广泛描述为世界上最大，增长最快和最有利可图的有组织犯罪之一。对于所有这些大胆的言论，关于人口贩运的规模，性质，分布，组织和演变的科学证据少得可怜。英国官方确认的受害者人数逐年增加，但这些案件只是冰山一角，因为许多受害者没有报告或未被发现。最近的一项估计显示，英国一年内约有7,000至10,000名贩运受害者。贩运人口不仅是一个复杂的社会问题，而且也是一个非常容易引起情绪激动的问题：它往往涉及销售弱势群体，并对他们的身体和劳动进行极端剥削。它造成严重伤害，破坏受害者个人、社区和国家的安全、保障和福祉。每年花费数百万英镑试图打击贩运。如果没有强有力的证据基础，就存在着一种非常真实的风险，即神话、陈规定型观念、假设和隐藏的议程会填补空白。不知情的措施可能代价高昂、无效，甚至有害。因此，必须投资于高质量的研究，以提高认识，并为政策和实践提供信息。我们的最终愿景是改进如何使用数据来分析和干预跨国人口贩运。我们的研究将支持一个更有针对性和细致入微的打击贩运的方法。它侧重于涉及贩运的复杂系统的三个关键方面：社会结构、地理空间和时间。我们将系统地审查贩运者和受害者所处的社交网络的结构，查明关键作用和脆弱性。我们将确定贩运过程中的主要步骤发生在哪里，绘制热点（犯罪集中的地方），分析关键地点并审查供应和需求，风险和复原力以及地理流动。我们将分析贩运的模式和趋势及其随时间的演变。在整个研究过程中，我们将探索我们的研究结果对更好地发现，威慑和破坏贩运，提高弹性和减少伤害的影响。我们的项目将是影响英国的跨国人口贩运的最大和最全面的评估。它将包括为各种目的被贩运的成人和儿童受害者，包括在性交易、家庭和许多其他合法和非法劳动力市场中的剥削。数据访问是人口贩运研究的一个臭名昭著的障碍，但我们可以访问重要的国家数据集：联合王国的受害者身份识别中央系统;现代奴隶制帮助热线;以及关于人口贩运网络的独特研究数据集。我们还将广泛利用公开的数据集（例如人口普查数据）为我们的分析提供信息。我们将使用的方法，大大提高了对人口贩运的理解，但由于缺乏数据和技能，在这一领域很少可能。我们的工作是真正的跨学科，借鉴地理学，犯罪科学，犯罪学，数据科学，流行病学，社会学，计算机科学和数学。我们的研究将以前所未有的规模产生对跨国人口贩运的重要见解。我们有一个优秀的团队，结合了领先的学者，非政府组织，执法和政府。我们的合作方式使我们能够将优秀的科学研究转化为真正的变革。除了传统的学术成果外，我们还将在英国和国外举办互动研讨会，开发软件解决方案、培训和工具包，制作政策简报，并开展创新且有针对性的打击人口贩运活动。我们还将举办活动并制作旨在激励更多高质量研究和研究知情干预措施的产出，不仅围绕人口贩运，而且围绕其他跨国有组织犯罪。