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Quantifying bilingual experience (Q-BEx): optimising tools for educators, clinicians and researchers

量化双语体验 (Q-BEx)：为教育工作者、临床医生和研究人员优化工具

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S010998/1
负责人：
Cecile De Cat
金额：
$ 78.49万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS010998%2F1
关键词：
Quantifying bilingual experience BEx optimising

项目摘要

At least a fifth of primary school children in the UK are bilingual: they grow up with two or more languages. Bilingualism is a linguistic, cultural and economic asset, but it also poses practical challenges for professionals having to deal with an extremely diverse group of children. For instance, it is difficult to evaluate whether a bilingual child's progress in the school language is due to limited language experience (e.g. at home) compared with monolingual peers, or whether it indicates a disorder. Teachers need to know when they can expect bilingual children to have "caught up" with monolinguals in order to inform their assessment of their progress. One of the strongest determinants of children's language development is the amount of time they spend hearing and speaking the language. Measuring this language experience is therefore essential to inform the expectations of teachers and speech and language therapists (SLTs) regarding children's knowledge of the school language. For example, a child who is only exposed to English at school is likely to be less proficient than a child who also hears English from a parent or siblings. This can profoundly affect many aspects of that child's educational development.Researchers have recently started to address the need to quantify the bilingual language experience through the creation of parental questionnaires about the languages spoken to and by the child with different people (parents, siblings, etc.), in different settings (home, school, etc.), and during different activities (reading, watching TV, etc.). Because the questionnaires have been developed by independent teams of researchers, the information they elicit varies - sometimes substantially, resulting in a lack of comparability across studies. Some questionnaires have been used exclusively for research purposes and their length and complexity make them difficult to use by teachers and SLTs, who are often pressed for time and may deal with parents with low levels of proficiency in the community language. Another major challenge is the typically low completion rates of parental questionnaires.Q-BEx will bring a step-change in the measurement of bilingual language experience. * It is the first, multidisciplinary endeavour to establish an optimal metric of bilingual language experience based on a consensus among researchers, SLTs and educators on what aspects of language experience to index, as well as an in-depth review of existing tools. * It will for the first time deliver user-friendly, online questionnaires (and their associated back-end calculators) to return measures of current and cumulative language experience in real time. The questionnaires will be available in 13 languages, and vary in length and level of detail: the shortest version will be useful when parental consultation is challenging; the longest version will yield more fine-grained measures to enable SLTs and researchers to carry out in-depth enquiries. * Q-BEx will be the first to exploit advanced quantitative methods to identify the right level of questionnaire detail (to meet the needs of end-users) and to assess the reliability of the resulting measures as predictors of language proficiency. Reliability and cross-language validity will be assessed using new data from 300 children in 3 different countries. Based on this assessment, Q-BEx will provide evidence-based guidance to inform users' choice on the level of questionnaire detail most appropriate to their needs.* Q-BEx will develop an objective method to identify early those bilingual children in need of support with their school language, thereby addressing the "catch up" question. * Q-BEx will contribute to advancing bilingualism research by exploiting cutting-edge statistical techniques, and making all scripts available to facilitate replication.

在英国，至少有五分之一的小学生会说两种语言：他们从小就掌握两种或两种以上的语言。双语是一种语言、文化和经济财富，但它也给专业人员带来了实际挑战，他们必须处理极其多样化的儿童群体。例如，很难评估双语儿童在学校语言方面的进步是由于与只会说一种语言的同龄人相比语言经验有限(例如在家里)，还是表明存在障碍。教师们需要知道他们什么时候才能期望双语儿童“赶上”只会说一种语言的人，以便告知他们对自己进步的评估。儿童语言发展的最大决定因素之一是他们在听和说语言上花费的时间。因此，测量这种语言体验对于了解教师和语言治疗师(SLT)对儿童学校语言知识的期望是至关重要的。例如，一个在学校只接触到英语的孩子很可能比一个也从父母或兄弟姐妹那里听到英语的孩子熟练程度要低。这会对孩子的教育发展的许多方面产生深远的影响。最近，研究人员开始通过创建父母问卷来量化双语体验的需要，调查对象是孩子在不同的人(父母、兄弟姐妹等)、不同的环境(家庭、学校等)和不同的活动期间(阅读、看电视等)与孩子说的语言以及孩子说的语言。由于调查问卷是由独立的研究团队开发的，它们得出的信息各不相同--有时是相当大的，导致各研究之间缺乏可比性。一些问卷仅用于研究目的，其长度和复杂性使教师和第二语言教师难以使用，他们往往时间紧迫，可能会与掌握社区语言水平较低的家长打交道。另一个主要挑战是家长问卷的完成率通常很低。Q-Bex将在衡量双语语言体验方面带来阶段性的变化。*这是第一次多学科努力，根据研究人员、特别研究小组和教育工作者就将语言经验的哪些方面编入索引以及对现有工具的深入审查达成的共识，建立双语语言经验的最佳衡量标准。*它将首次提供用户友好的在线问卷(及其相关的后端计算器)，以实时返回当前和累积语言经验的衡量标准。问卷将以13种语言提供，问卷的长度和详细程度各有不同：最短的版本将在家长咨询具有挑战性时有用；最长的版本将产生更细粒度的措施，使SLT和研究人员能够进行深入的调查。*Q-Bex将率先利用先进的量化方法来确定适当的问卷详细程度(以满足最终用户的需求)，并评估作为预测语言水平的指标的结果的可靠性。可靠性和跨语言有效性将使用来自3个不同国家的300名儿童的新数据进行评估。根据这项评估，Q-Bex将提供循证指导，让用户选择最适合他们需要的问卷细节。*Q-Bex将开发一种客观方法，及早识别需要在学校语言方面提供支持的双语儿童，从而解决“追赶”问题。*Q-Bex将通过利用尖端统计技术和提供所有脚本以促进复制，为推进双语研究做出贡献。