Understanding Sexual Violence in Sex Working Populations: Law, Legal Consciousness and Legal Practice in Four Countries
了解性工作者中的性暴力:四个国家的法律、法律意识和法律实践
基本信息
- 批准号:ES/V002465/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 83.43万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2021 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Globally, the most important public health issue that sex workers face is their experience of high levels of violence (Kinnell 2006, 2008; Alexander, 1999) with a systematic review estimating levels of sexual violence 'between 15-55%' (Deering, A., et al, 2014). The marginalisation of sex workers leaves them vulnerable to victimisation and with restricted access to the criminal justice system (Amnesty International 2016). Repeat victimisation is common, as is significant under-reporting of crimes to the police (Ahrens 2006; Krusi, A., et al. 2014; Penfold, C., et al. 2004). Even when cases do get reported, sex workers often experience discrimination (Kinnell 2008, Sullivan 2004; Shannon and Csete, 2010). This has led to increased evidence-based calls to make violence against sex workers a public health and human rights priority on national and international policy agendas (Amnesty International 2016, WHO 2012). A detailed examination of the research and policy literature shows the issue of violence against marginalised sex working populations has been dominated by the 'politics of sex work', with violence often used rhetorically in battles over what overall legal model would best promote safety (Pitcher and Wijers 2014; Shannon et al 2004). In order to facilitate a more collaborative public health response, there is an urgent need for studies that document not only sex workers' experiences of violence, but also for comparative and peer-led research to better document and respond to the contextual factors shaping sexual violence against sex working populations and the interventions that best promote a sense of justice for victims (Connelly et al 2018, Platt et al 2018). In this research, we will explore how the legal boundaries of sexual assault and rape are constructed in practice (not just in abstract debates) and compare how criminal justice processes operate in different jurisdictions and in different contexts. This project will be the first international, comparative study to examine the contextual factors that shape sexual violence against sex workers, initiating a programme of research in New Zealand, the UK, Northern Ireland and Nevada, USA. Our aims are threefold:1. Theoretical: to explore sex workers' experiences and prevalence of sexual violence against the legal norms and boundaries in each of the four legislative models, also examining the least investigated inflictions such as 'stealthing' (removal of condom). This will be operationalised across the four study locations through online surveys of sex workers on sexual violence, which will measure prevalence, experiences, understandings of the law, experiences with the police, courts and other agencies, support received and interventions, and outcomes of cases. 2. Empirical: to enhance what is known about sex workers' experiences of the criminal justice system by excavating new empirical data on how the system operates in different jurisdictions, looking at the impact of legislative models on how sexual violence is responded to, the impact of different settings and attrition, outcome, and conviction. This will be operationalised through case observations (n=5 per country, total 20) of sexual assaults which have gone through the criminal justice system, with analysis for characteristics, perpetrator, outcome, and conviction.3. Practice-based: to facilitate the integration of best practice from review of what works regarding supporting victims into safety and health-related provision, policies and agencies, led by 'experts by experience'. This will be operationalised through interviews with practitioners, police, and criminal justice personnel (n=30 per country) to assess issues such as reporting, signposting, available resources, therapy, and criminal justice support.
在全球范围内,性工作者面临的最重要的公共卫生问题是她们遭受高度暴力的经历(Kinnell 2006, 2008; Alexander, 1999),一项系统审查估计性暴力的程度“在15-55%之间”(Deering, a .等人,2014)。性工作者的边缘化使他们很容易成为受害者,并且很难进入刑事司法系统(大赦国际,2016)。重复受害是常见的,向警方严重漏报犯罪也是常见的(Ahrens 2006; Krusi, A.等人2014;Penfold, C.等人2004)。即使报案,性工作者也经常遭受歧视(Kinnell 2008; Sullivan 2004; Shannon and Csete, 2010)。这导致越来越多以证据为基础的呼吁,要求将对性工作者的暴力行为列为国家和国际政策议程上的公共卫生和人权优先事项(大赦国际2016年,世卫组织2012年)。对研究和政策文献的详细检查表明,针对边缘化性工作人群的暴力问题一直被“性工作政治”所主导,在关于哪种整体法律模式最能促进安全的斗争中,暴力经常被修辞性地使用(Pitcher and Wijers 2014; Shannon et al 2004)。为了促进更具协作性的公共卫生应对,迫切需要开展研究,不仅记录性工作者的暴力经历,还需要开展比较和同行主导的研究,以更好地记录和应对形成针对性工作人群的性暴力的背景因素,以及最能促进受害者正义感的干预措施(Connelly et al . 2018, Platt et al . 2018)。在这项研究中,我们将探讨性侵犯和强奸的法律界限是如何在实践中构建的(不仅仅是在抽象的辩论中),并比较刑事司法程序如何在不同的司法管辖区和不同的背景下运作。这个项目将是第一个国际比较研究,以审查形成针对性工作者的性暴力的背景因素,在新西兰、联合王国、北爱尔兰和美国内华达州启动一个研究方案。我们的目标有三个:1。理论层面:探究性工作者的经历以及在四种立法模式中违反法律规范和界限的性暴力的普遍程度,同时研究调查最少的施加行为,如“偷窃”(摘掉避孕套)。这将通过性工作者关于性暴力的在线调查在四个研究地点实施,调查将衡量普遍性、经验、对法律的理解、与警察、法院和其他机构的经验、获得的支持和干预措施,以及案件的结果。2. 经验性:通过挖掘新的经验性工作者在不同司法管辖区如何运作的经验数据,研究立法模式对如何应对性暴力的影响,不同环境和人员流失、结果和定罪的影响,增强对性工作者在刑事司法系统中的经历的了解。这将通过刑事司法系统对性侵犯案件进行观察(每个国家5起,共20起),并分析其特征、肇事者、结果和定罪来实施。以实践为基础:在“经验专家”的领导下,促进将审查在支持受害者方面行之有效的最佳做法纳入安全和与健康有关的服务、政策和机构。这将通过与从业人员、警察和刑事司法人员(每个国家30人)的访谈来实施,以评估报告、路标、可用资源、治疗和刑事司法支持等问题。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(2)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Understanding sexual violence in sex working populations-Law, legal consciousness and legal practice in four countries (2021-2023): Study Protocol v2.5.
- DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0283067
- 发表时间:2023
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
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Jane Scoular其他文献
¿Qué transa con la ley? Por qué y de qué forma es relevante el derecho para la regulación del trabajo sexual
- DOI:
10.1016/s0188-9478(16)30137-2 - 发表时间:
2014-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Jane Scoular - 通讯作者:
Jane Scoular
Troubling Decriminalization
令人不安的非刑事化
- DOI:
10.1215/01636545-11027561 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.5
- 作者:
John Scott;Jane Scoular - 通讯作者:
Jane Scoular
Jane Scoular的其他文献
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