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Linking National and Regional Income Inequality: Cross-Country Data Harmonization and Analysis

连接国家和地区收入不平等：跨国数据协调和分析

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V013548/1
负责人：
Neil Lee
金额：
$ 58.42万
依托单位：
London School of Economics and Political Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV013548%2F1
关键词：
Linking National Regional Income Inequality

项目摘要

Our study focuses on income inequality in towns and cities within countries and how this has changed over time in five high-income countries. In recent years, academic research has highlighted the rise of income inequality, particularly the increase of top 1% income share, and the associated social, economic and political problems. It is becoming increasingly clear that these national income inequalities are driven in part by income inequalities within countries, with a divide between the 'superstar' global cities (London, Paris, New York) and 'left behind' ex-industrial towns. This is apparent in the rise of 'populist' politics, in which people living in economically declining places are feeling the pull of simplistic solutions to complex social and economic problems. Governments and international organisations have become increasingly aware of the problems associated with national economic inequality, aided by existing research that provides evidence from different countries. To help governments find ways to spread prosperity more evenly across their towns, cities and regions, there is a need for internationally comparable evidence to show how different countries perform in terms of geographic inequalities. The lack of consistent and comparable datasets on national inequality decomposed into sub-national regions has so far prevented the investigation of fundamental questions: What is the influence of growing disparities across and within local areas on overall inequality? Is it that a few 'superstar' cities are the main engines of country-level trends? Does the divergent evolution of national inequality across countries emerge from trends at the sub-national level? How are local costs of living in different areas evolving over time and across countries? What are the main geographic division lines in terms of income and economic activity within countries? Our study will examine trends in geographic income inequality across five high-income countries - Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States - since the 1970s. We have brought together an international expert team of geographers with experience of studying geographic inequality and economists experienced in measuring national income inequality. The first objective of our research is to develop a method for analysing geographic income inequality in a way that can be compared between countries. We will tackle three big problems: defining comparable geographic areas, having consistent measures of income and adjusting incomes for the varied local cost of living (e.g. housing costs). We will use data from national tax records, from registries of workers' earnings and household surveys. Using this method, our second objective is to assess the importance of geographic inequalities in driving national income inequalities across our five study countries. Third, we will analyse the common trends and differences between and within countries, and investigate the causes of these trends. Our final objective is to use this project as the foundation of a global database that provides information about inequalities between places. Our vision is that this will act as a point of information for researchers to study the causes of geographic income inequality, and for governments to understand how their country compares to others.

我们的研究重点是国家内部城镇的收入不平等，以及五个高收入国家的这种不平等是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。近年来，学术研究强调了收入不平等的加剧，特别是收入最高的1%的收入份额的增加，以及相关的社会、经济和政治问题。越来越明显的是，这些国民收入不平等在一定程度上是由国家内部的收入不平等造成的，在“超级明星”全球城市（伦敦、巴黎、纽约）和“落后”的前工业城镇之间存在鸿沟。这在“民粹主义”政治的兴起中表现得很明显，在这种政治中，生活在经济衰退地区的人们感受到了用简单化的解决方案来解决复杂的社会和经济问题的吸引力。各国政府和国际组织越来越意识到与国家经济不平等相关的问题，现有的研究提供了来自不同国家的证据。为了帮助政府找到在城镇、城市和地区之间更均匀地传播繁荣的方法，需要有国际上可比较的证据，以显示不同国家在地理不平等方面的表现。迄今为止，由于缺乏按次国家区域划分的一致和可比较的国家不平等数据集，妨碍了对以下基本问题的调查：地方地区之间和地区内部日益扩大的差距对总体不平等的影响是什么？是不是几个“超级明星”城市是国家层面趋势的主要引擎？国家间不平等的不同演变是否源于次国家层面的趋势？不同地区和不同国家的当地生活成本是如何随时间变化的？在收入和经济活动方面，各国的主要地理分界线是什么？我们的研究将考察自20世纪70年代以来五个高收入国家（加拿大、法国、德国、英国和美国）的地理收入不平等趋势。我们汇集了一个国际专家团队，其中包括具有研究地理不平等经验的地理学家和具有衡量国民收入不平等经验的经济学家。我们研究的第一个目标是开发一种分析地理收入不平等的方法，这种方法可以在国家之间进行比较。我们将解决三大问题：定义可比较的地理区域，采用一致的收入衡量标准，并根据不同的当地生活成本（如住房成本）调整收入。我们将使用来自国家税务记录、工人收入登记和家庭调查的数据。使用这种方法，我们的第二个目标是评估地理不平等在推动我们五个研究国家的国民收入不平等方面的重要性。第三，我们将分析各国之间和各国内部的共同趋势和差异，并调查这些趋势的原因。我们的最终目标是利用这个项目作为全球数据库的基础，提供关于地方之间不平等的信息。我们的愿景是，这将成为研究人员研究地理收入不平等原因的信息点，并为政府了解自己的国家与其他国家的比较提供信息。