The Transitions of Young Workers in the UK Labour Market: Consequences for Careers, Earnings, Health and Wellbeing.

该项目将调查生活在英国的年轻工人在劳动力市场上成功转型的能力，以及可能阻止他们在职业生涯中取得进步的障碍。这项研究的激励问题是“年轻工人的劳动力市场转型如何影响他们在生命历程后续阶段的就业前景、身体健康和心理健康？”以及“如何才能增加年轻员工实现积极、赋权转型的可能性？”最近，COVID-19大流行对青年工人的负面影响进一步凸显了这些问题的相关性，尽管许多青年工人在劳动力市场上取得进展的困难是长期存在的。“过渡”的概念在欧洲劳动力市场辩论中一直具有影响力（Schmid, 2008； Salais等人，2011），指的是工人在其生命过程中可能做出的与工作相关的运动（例如换工作，退休）。与年轻工人有关的研究往往侧重于两种类型的过渡：首先，从教育到劳动力市场的初步过渡；第二，未就业、未受教育或未接受培训的年轻人（啃老族）过渡到工作岗位的能力。虽然这些转变对我们的项目很重要，但它的主要焦点将放在年轻工人的后续（和未充分研究的）转变上，包括工作之间的转变，工作内部的转变，以及低质量和高质量工作之间的转变。该项目还将审查早期劳动力市场经历对工人一生中的职业、收入和身心健康的影响，就业进展（例如获得更好的工作）的障碍和促进因素，以及青年工人过渡对其他家庭成员就业的影响。迄今为止，这些问题很少受到关注。该项目将审查年轻工人在劳动力市场和职业发展能力方面的差异，比较在性别、种族、民族和残疾方面存在差异的人，从而加强对劳动力市场经验和结果多样性的理解。为了分析积极（例如，获得更好的工作）和消极（例如，从就业到失业）转变的短期和长期后果，我们将利用涵盖大量时间跨度的纵向数据集。该项目还将通过调查数据和对英格兰两个城市地区（大曼彻斯特和谢菲尔德城市地区）年轻工人转型生活经历的详细定性调查，将年轻工人的经历与他们在英国的生活联系起来。除了为与年轻工人、职业发展和与工作有关的健康和福利有关的学术知识和辩论作出重大贡献外，该项目还将涉及与国家和地方决策者、从业者机构和其他利益攸关方的定期知识交流，并将导致共同生产资源，以解决发展障碍并支持年轻工人的过渡。

This project will investigate the ability of younger workers living in the UK to make successful transitions in the labour market and the barriers that might prevent them from making progress in their careers. The motivating questions for the research are 'how do the labour market transitions of younger workers affect their employment prospects, physical health and mental wellbeing at subsequent stages of their life course?' and 'how can the likelihood of positive, empowering transitions for younger workers be increased?'. The pertinence of these questions has recently been further underscored by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young workers, although the difficulties that many young workers face in progressing in the labour market are long-standing. The concept of 'transitions', which has been influential in European labour market debates (Schmid, 2008; Salais et al., 2011), refers to work-related movements that workers might make during their life course (e.g. changing jobs, retiring). Research relating to younger workers has tended to focus on two types of transition: firstly, initial transitions from education into the labour market; and secondly, the ability of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET) to transition into work. Although these transitions are important to our project, its main focus will be on subsequent (and under-researched) transitions made by younger workers, including transitions between jobs, within jobs, and between lower quality and higher quality jobs. The project will also examine the consequences of early labour market experiences for workers' careers, earnings and physical and mental health during their life course, barriers and enablers of employment progression (e.g. to better jobs), and the consequences of young workers' transitions for the employment of other family members. These are issues that have received little attention to date. The project will examine differences in the ability of younger workers to progress within the labour market and within their careers, comparing people who differ in respect of gender, race, ethnicity and disability and thereby enhancing understanding of diversity in labour market experiences and outcomes. In order to analyse the short and long-term consequences of positive (e.g. to a better job) and negative (e.g. from employment to unemployment) transitions we will draw on longitudinal datasets that cover substantial timespans. The project will also connect young workers' experiences to where they live in the UK through survey data and through a detailed qualitative investigation of young workers' lived experiences of transitions in two city-regions in England - Greater Manchester and Sheffield City Region. In addition to making substantial contributions to academic knowledge and debates relating to younger workers, career progression and work-related health and wellbeing, the project will involve regular knowledge exchanges with national and local policymakers, practitioner bodies and other stakeholders and will lead to the co-production of resources to address barriers to progression and support young workers' transitions.