FRONTAL LOBE AND CEREBRAL CONTROL OF ADAPTIVE SPATIAL-MOTOR BEHAVIOR

这个项目的长期目标是阐明神经机制。 它是认知信息处理的基础，也是 学习与空间运动行为相关的运动适应。 单个神经元活动的神经生理学记录将是 在猴子身上进行训练以实现这一目标 运动过程中手臂的多关节、多方向伸展运动 指令延迟任务的执行。生理学、解剖学和 行为学研究表明，额叶是一种重要的 (A)个人外达成行为的生成结构 空间，(B)适当的移动顺序，和(C)利用 来自记忆和感觉系统的必要信息，用于引导 动静。这是一项关于行为神经生理学的四项主要研究 灵长类动物额叶的划分：初级运动皮质(M1)， 背侧运动前皮质(PMD)、腹侧运动前皮质(PMV)和 辅助运动区(SMA)涉及系列剧的两种范式 空间信息的呈现被用来研究 各皮质运动区神经元活动与脑损伤的关系 对触觉所需的视觉空间信息的处理。在……里面 其一，准备先前学习的或新颖的动作序列 被一只猴子处死。此任务将确定哪个特定的 空间到达的属性在神经元中进行了预处理和编码 从记忆中检索到的信号中皮层水平的活动 或生成的从头开始，以及运动序列是否在 神经信号作为空间表示之间的转换 组件移动段，或者，作为复杂的矢量表示， 或者作为一个通用规则来描述 第一运动段和第二运动段。在第二个任务中，一只机器人手臂 肩部和肘部关节使用伺服电机，以实现快速变化 伸展运动的力学环境和相应的修改 产生不同伸展动作的感觉运动体验 有相同的起始和最终手臂位置。机械臂将 快速生成不熟悉的机械环境并模拟 手臂与特定位置的“虚拟”物体之间的碰撞 沿着运动轨迹。这种设计将允许神经 习得的空间运动行为适应的相关性 已研究并将确定此活动是否本地化到特定 额叶皮质区域，并评估视觉和 躯体感觉传入信息在该条件运动中的应用 学习任务。

The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate the neural mechanisms which underlie both the processing of cognitive information and the learning of motor adaptations associated with spatial-motor behavior. Neurophysiological recordings of the activity of single neurons will be undertaken to achieve this goal in monkeys trained to perform multi-joint, multidirectional reaching movements of the arm during the performance of instructed-delay tasks. Physiological, anatomical and behavioral studies have shown that the frontal lobe is an important structure for the generation of (a) reaching behavior in extrapersonal space, (b) proper movement sequencing, and (c) the utilization of requisite information from memory and sensory systems for guided movements. This is a behavioral neurophysiology study of four major divisions of the frontal lobe of primates: the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Two paradigms involving the serial presentation of spatial information are used to investigate the relationship between neuronal activity in each cortical motor area and the processing of requisite visual-spatial information for reaching. In one, either a previously learned or novel movement sequence is prepared and executed by a monkey. This task will determine which specific attributes of spatial reaching are preprocessed and encoded in neuronal activity at the cortical level in signals either retrieved from memory or generated de novo and whether movement sequences are represented in neural signals as transformations between spatial representations of component movement segments, or, as complex vectorial representations, or as a generalized rule which describes the relationship between the first and second movement segments. In the second task, a robot arm with servo motors at the shoulder and elbow joints is used to rapidly change the mechanical environment of reaching movements and accordingly modify the sensorimotor experience of producing different reaching movements with the same starting and final arm positions. The robot arm will rapidly produce unfamiliar mechanical environments and simulate collisions between the arm and "virtual" objects at specific locations along the movement trajectory. This design will allow the neural correlates of learned adaptations of spatial-motor behavior to be studied and will determine if this activity is localized to specific frontal cortical areas and evaluate the contribution of visual and somatosensory afferent information used in this conditional motor learning task.