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Investigating the relationship between active commuting and cardiovascular disease in the UK: Longitudinal and spatial analysis of four large datasets

调查英国主动通勤与心血管疾病之间的关系：四个大型数据集的纵向和空间分析

基本信息

批准号：
MR/L012014/1
负责人：
Ellen Flint
金额：
$ 34.31万
依托单位：
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FL012014%2F1
关键词：
Investigating relationship between active commuting

项目摘要

It is well known that keeping active reduces our risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, high blood pressure and other health problems. However over the past few decades British lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary, with two thirds of us taking insufficient exercise. Globally, physical inactivity has become the fourth leading risk factor for premature death. Active commuting (walking or cycling to work) has been recommended by experts as a practical way of building more exercise into the daily routine. However, more research is needed. The precise ways in which active commuting affects cardiovascular health are not understood, and many important questions remain unanswered. I hope to embark on a three-year Medical Research Council funded programme at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, to find out whether active commuting is good for our health. The research will focus not just on walking and cycling trips, but on public transport too. Commuting by train, tube or bus usually involves a walk to the station, and standing when the service is busy also requires some physical exertion. Users of these active and public transport modes will be compared with people who commute by private transport (e.g. car, taxi or motorbike), which is usually more sedentary. The core objective of the project will be to investigate whether active commuters have better cardiovascular health than non-active commuters. This includes the biological antecedents of cardiovascular disease (such as obesity and high blood pressure) as well as more concrete outcomes such as heart disease diagnoses and CVD-related deaths. Factors such as disability, job type, and geographical location will be taken into account to ensure that any health differences observed cannot be explained away by these other elements. Furthermore, the statistical techniques and data sources used will allow the researcher to find out whether active commuting actually causes differences in health between active and non-active commuters. This type of research is made possible by the UK's rich longitudinal data resources, three of which will be used in this project: the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, and UK Biobank (middle-aged individuals only). These are large studies which follow tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals over time, inviting the same people to provide information on a number of occasions through their lives. In addition, data from a smaller, more focussed longitudinal study of young people and their families will also be used. The ORiEL (Olympic Regeneration in East London) study follows around 3000 teenagers, inviting them to provide survey data and have their height and weight measured on three occasions during their adolescence. All of the teenagers live and study in East London and characteristics of the urban environment through which they commute to school have been measured and classified. Using the ORiEL data, the research project will investigate whether properties of the areas travelled through affect whether the young people walk to school, cycle, take the bus or get a lift. In summary, this project will answer a number of key questions about the health effects of active commuting. It will show whether active commuting is important for young people or middle-aged people, so that public health messages can be targeted at the most crucial age-group. It will show whether environmental factors such as pavements, crime and dedicated cycle routes actually increase the use of active travel modes. It will provide a long-range perspective by describing trends in active commuting over the past 4 decades and show whether long-term active travel can reduce CVD mortality risk. It will also show which particular points on the CVD 'causal pathway' are most influenced by active commuting: Weight? Fitness? Blood pressure? Or heart disease itself?

众所周知，保持运动可以降低心血管疾病(CVD)、肥胖、高血压和其他健康问题的风险。然而，在过去的几十年里，英国人的生活方式变得越来越久坐不动，三分之二的人锻炼不足。在全球范围内，缺乏运动已成为导致过早死亡的第四大风险因素。专家建议，积极通勤(步行或骑自行车上班)是一种在日常生活中增加锻炼的实用方法。然而，还需要更多的研究。积极通勤影响心血管健康的确切方式尚不清楚，许多重要问题仍未得到解答。我希望在伦敦卫生和热带医学院开始一个由医学研究委员会资助的为期三年的项目，以了解积极的通勤是否对我们的健康有好处。这项研究将不仅关注步行和骑自行车旅行，还将关注公共交通。乘火车、地铁或公交车通勤通常需要步行到车站，而在服务繁忙时站立也需要一些体力消耗。这些活跃的公共交通工具的使用者将与乘坐私人交通工具(例如汽车、出租车或摩托车)通勤的人进行比较，后者通常更久坐。该项目的核心目标将是调查经常通勤的人是否比不经常通勤的人心血管健康状况更好。这包括心血管疾病的生物学先兆(如肥胖和高血压)以及更具体的结果，如心脏病诊断和与心血管疾病相关的死亡。将考虑残疾、工作类型和地理位置等因素，以确保观察到的任何健康差异不能用这些其他因素来解释。此外，所使用的统计技术和数据来源将使研究人员能够找出活跃的通勤是否真的会导致活跃和不活跃通勤者之间的健康差异。英国丰富的纵向数据资源使这类研究成为可能，其中三个将用于本项目：国家统计办公室纵向研究、英国家庭纵向研究和英国生物库(仅限中年个人)。这些大型研究跟踪了数万或数十万人一段时间，邀请同样的人在他们一生中的许多场合提供信息。此外，还将使用对年轻人及其家人进行的一项规模较小、更有针对性的纵向研究的数据。这项名为Oriel的研究追踪了大约3000名青少年，邀请他们提供调查数据，并在青春期三次测量他们的身高和体重。所有青少年都在伦敦东部生活和学习，并对他们通勤上学的城市环境特征进行了测量和分类。利用猎户座的数据，该研究项目将调查旅行过的地区的房产是否会影响年轻人步行上学、骑自行车、乘坐公交车或搭便车。总而言之，这个项目将回答一些关于积极通勤对健康影响的关键问题。它将显示积极的通勤对年轻人或中年人是重要的，以便公共卫生信息可以针对最关键的年龄段。它将显示人行道、犯罪和专用自行车道等环境因素是否真的增加了积极出行方式的使用。它将通过描述过去40年来活跃通勤的趋势来提供一个长期的视角，并展示长期活跃的旅行是否可以降低心血管疾病死亡的风险。它还将显示心血管疾病“因果路径”上的哪些特定点最受积极通勤的影响：体重？健身？血压？还是心脏病本身？