Studies towards infectious disease elimination on the Bijagos Archipelago of Guinea Bissau

几内亚比绍比热戈斯群岛消除传染病研究

• 批准号: MR/P023843/1
• 负责人: David Mabey
• 金额: $ 77.37万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FP023843%2F1
• 关键词: Studies; towards; infectious; disease; elimination

So far, smallpox is the only infectious disease of humans that has been completely eradicated; but a number of so-called Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which cause a huge burden of disease among poor rural communities in low income countries, are targeted for global eradication, or at least for elimination from large parts of the world. Great progress has been made in reducing the number of cases of NTDs in some parts of the world but it has become clear that, for most of them, further research is needed to develop new tools and elimination strategies. Global eradication of malaria, which was attempted unsuccessfully in the 1960s, is back on the agenda, and malaria was eliminated from Sri Lanka in 2016, but it is clear that malaria will not be eliminated from Africa using the old methods. We have been working on the elimination of blinding trachoma, one of the NTDs targeted for global elimination, in The Gambia since 1984, and showed that it could be cured with a single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin, given by mouth. 500 million doses of azithromycin have been donated to trachoma programmes by the manufacturer since then, and The Gambia has recently met the World Health Organization's elimination targets, but trachoma remains the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. For the past 6 years we have been studying trachoma in the remote Bijagos Islands of Guinea Bissau where it remains an important cause of blindness, and have made considerable progress in understanding where it is being transmitted and how it might be controlled. Our aim in the next two years is to set up a trachoma elimination programme on the islands, using mass treatment with azithromycin and health education to reduce transmission, and a surveillance programme to make sure it is not re-introduced. We also plan to study the transmission of malaria on the islands, with a view to identifying the most promising strategies for malaria elimination in this setting, and to map the distribution of other NTDs. The programme will be led by Anna Last, a clinical lecturer in infectious diseases, who has recently completed a PhD on trachoma in the Bijagos Islands, and is fluent in the local language. In two years time we will have established a laboratory and insectary on the islands, trained staff in how to do field surveys, how to diagnose malaria and NTDs and how to control mosquito populations, worked out where and how trachoma and malaria are being transmitted, and found out which other NTDs are present on the islands, we will be in a strong position to try out new interventions for eliminating these diseases. The islands are a particularly good place to evaluate the impact new tools and strategies for disease elimination, since they are relatively isolated, and can be randomly allocated to one strategy or another.

到目前为止，天花是唯一被完全根除的人类传染病；但是，在低收入国家的贫穷农村社区造成巨大疾病负担的一些所谓被忽视的热带病（NTDs）是全球根除的目标，或者至少是在世界大部分地区消除的目标。在世界某些地区，在减少被忽视热带病病例数量方面取得了巨大进展，但很明显，对于其中大多数病例，需要进一步研究，以制定新的工具和消除战略。全球消灭疟疾的努力曾在上世纪60年代失败，现在又重新提上了议程，2016年疟疾在斯里兰卡被消灭，但很明显，使用旧的方法无法在非洲消灭疟疾。自1984年以来，我们一直在冈比亚致力于消除致盲性沙眼，这是全球目标消除的被忽视热带病之一，并表明它可以通过口服单剂量抗生素阿奇霉素治愈。自那时以来，制造商已向沙眼方案捐赠了5亿剂阿奇霉素，冈比亚最近达到了世界卫生组织的消除目标，但沙眼仍然是全世界致盲的主要传染性原因。过去6年来，我们一直在几内亚比绍偏远的比加戈斯群岛研究沙眼，沙眼仍然是导致失明的重要原因，并在了解沙眼的传播地点和如何控制沙眼方面取得了相当大的进展。我们在今后两年的目标是在这些岛屿上建立一个消除沙眼的规划，利用阿奇霉素的大规模治疗和健康教育来减少传播，并建立一个监测规划，以确保不再引入沙眼。我们还计划研究疟疾在岛屿上的传播，以期确定在这种情况下最有希望消除疟疾的战略，并绘制其他被忽视热带病的分布图。该方案将由传染病临床讲师安娜·拉斯特（Anna Last）领导，她最近在比贾戈斯群岛完成了沙眼方面的博士学位，能说流利的当地语言。在两年的时间里，我们将在岛屿上建立一个实验室和一个昆虫实验室，培训工作人员如何进行实地调查，如何诊断疟疾和被忽视的热带病以及如何控制蚊子数量，查明沙眼和疟疾的传播地点和方式，并查明岛屿上存在哪些其他被忽视的热带病，我们将处于有利地位，尝试消除这些疾病的新干预措施。这些岛屿是评价消除疾病的新工具和战略的影响的特别好地方，因为它们相对孤立，可以随机分配给一种或另一种战略。

项目成果

Prevalence of and risk factors for curable sexually transmitted infections on Bubaque Island, Guinea Bissau.

• DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054351
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Sexually transmitted infections
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Cowley G;Milne G;Teixeira da Silva E;Nakutum J;Rodrigues A;Vasileva H;Mabey D;Versteeg B;Last A
• 通讯作者: Last A

A survey of Anopheles species composition and insecticide resistance on the island of Bubaque, Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau

• DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3115-1
• 发表时间: 2020-01-15
• 期刊: MALARIA JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Ant, Thomas;Foley, Erin;Logan, James G.
• 通讯作者: Logan, James G.

A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding malaria and bed nets on Bubaque Island, Guinea-Bissau.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03469-1
• 发表时间: 2020-11-17
• 期刊: Malaria journal
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Hutchins H;Power G;Ant T;Teixeira da Silva E;Goncalves A;Rodrigues A;Logan J;Mabey D;Last A
• 通讯作者: Last A

Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment - Challenges, Interventions, and Preventive Measures

与水和卫生设施相关的疾病以及不断变化的环境 - 挑战、干预措施和预防措施

• DOI: 10.1002/9781119415961.ch12
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Harding-Esch E

MOESM2 of A survey of Anopheles species composition and insecticide resistance on the island of Bubaque, Bijagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau

MOESM2 几内亚比绍比热戈斯群岛布巴克岛按蚊物种组成和杀虫剂抗性调查

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11626536
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Ant T