Assessing health risks associated with exposure to household and ambient air pollution in rural and urban China

评估中国农村和城市与家庭和环境空气污染暴露相关的健康风险

• 批准号: MR/P025080/1
• 负责人: Zhengming Chen
• 金额: $ 77.09万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FP025080%2F1
• 关键词: Assessing; health; risks; associated; exposure

Air pollution is an important cause of ill-health worldwide. This is particularly the case in China and many other developing countries, in which outdoor air pollution is worsening due to increased traffic and industrial activities. Furthermore, many people still use solid fuels (e.g. wood, charcoal or coal) for cooking and heating in rural areas, generating harmful smoke and other toxic substances inside the home. Although we know that air pollution causes death and illness at the population level, the exact extent is not fully understood because accurate information is lacking. Reliable estimation of the disease risks arising from air pollution requires measurements of individual exposures to air pollution and their subsequent disease outcomes (i.e. onset of new diseases and death). We propose to address this knowledge gap using the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), a large study of 500,000 men and women recruited from 10 diverse urban and rural areas in China in 2004-08 with detailed tracking of disease outcomes as a resource to study the health effects of air pollution. This represents an efficient approach that avoids the need to generate a separate expensive study to conduct this work. Use of CKB in this way requires improvements to existing air pollution data. As in many other large scale epidemiological studies, CKB did not directly measure actual air pollution levels individually, but relied on participants to report information on the type of fuel they use for cooking or heating and how often, or how close to a main road they live. Since individuals spend a varying amount of time in different locations doing various activities, this may be inaccurate measure of individual air pollution. The ideal would be to measure in real time the pollutant concentrations in the air breathed by each person individually. However, this will be impractical in a study of 0.5 million participants, so the challenge is to achieve estimates of exposure in a cost-effective manner. This proposal represents a pilot project to test and assess different methods of measuring individual exposure to household and ambient air pollution.In this project we will ask 300 CKB participants from 2 rural and 1 urban regions to carry a small wearable monitor with them to record particle pollutant concentration for two 5 day periods in both warm and cool seasons of the year. In addition, we will ask them to note what activity (e.g. cooking, commuting) they are doing, the duration and the location, so that we can understand how much of their pollution exposure comes from indoor or outdoor environments. Because it could be difficult and expensive to ask each participant to wear a monitor, we will also test whether it is sufficient to estimate individual air pollution by using data from ground monitoring networks, supplemented by satellite remote sensing technology. Two of the many satellites orbiting Earth carry sensors that detect infrared light transmitted through the atmosphere, providing a measure of airborne particulate matter. Using information from satellites and ground monitors, we will create a more complete map of air pollution. We will test and optimise this new approach in Suzhou, an urban CKB site that already has good coverage of ground-based pollution monitoring data. Based on the residential addresses of study participants, we can use this air pollution map to estimate an individual's ambient exposure level. We will use this information to carry out an analysis to investigate the health effects of air pollution in Suzhou participants. This proposal will provide important new understanding and experience needed to plan a larger project involving all 0.5 million participants in CKB. Ultimately we aim to collect reliable exposure and disease outcome data to accurately understand the impact of air pollution on health in China.

空气污染是全世界健康不良的一个重要原因。在中国和许多其他发展中国家尤其如此，由于交通和工业活动的增加，室外空气污染正在恶化。此外，许多人在农村地区仍然使用固体燃料（例如木材、木炭或煤炭）做饭和取暖，在家里产生有害烟雾和其他有毒物质。尽管我们知道空气污染会导致人口死亡和疾病，但由于缺乏准确的信息，确切的程度尚不完全清楚。对空气污染引起的疾病风险的可靠估计需要测量个人暴露于空气污染的情况及其随后的疾病结果（即新疾病的发作和死亡）。我们建议利用中国嘉道理生物样本库 (CKB) 来弥补这一知识差距，该样本库于 2004-08 年对中国 10 个不同城市和农村地区的 500,000 名男性和女性进行了一项大型研究，详细跟踪疾病结果，作为研究空气污染对健康影响的资源。这是一种有效的方法，无需进行单独的昂贵研究来开展这项工作。以这种方式使用 CKB 需要改进现有的空气污染数据。与许多其他大规模流行病学研究一样，CKB 并没有直接单独测量实际空气污染水平，而是依赖参与者报告他们用于烹饪或取暖的燃料类型以及使用频率或距离主要道路有多远的信息。由于个人在不同地点从事各种活动的时间不同，因此这可能无法准确衡量个人空气污染情况。理想的情况是实时测量每个人单独呼吸的空气中的污染物浓度。然而，这对于 50 万名参与者的研究来说是不切实际的，因此面临的挑战是以具有成本效益的方式实现暴露估计。该提案是一个试点项目，旨在测试和评估测量个人暴露于家庭和环境空气污染的不同方法。在该项目中，我们将要求来自 2 个农村地区和 1 个城市地区的 300 名 CKB 参与者携带小型可穿戴监测器，记录一年中暖季和凉季两个 5 天时段的颗粒污染物浓度。此外，我们会要求他们记下他们正在做什么活动（例如做饭、通勤）、持续时间和地点，以便我们了解他们的污染暴露有多少来自室内或室外环境。由于要求每个参与者佩戴监测器可能很困难且成本高昂，因此我们还将测试利用地面监测网络的数据并辅以卫星遥感技术是否足以估计个人的空气污染情况。绕地球运行的众多卫星中的两颗携带传感器，可检测穿过大气层传输的红外光，从而测量空气中的颗粒物。利用卫星和地面监测器的信息，我们将创建更完整的空气污染地图。我们将在苏州测试和优化这种新方法，苏州是一个城市 CKB 站点，已经拥有良好的地面污染监测数据覆盖。根据研究参与者的居住地址，我们可以使用这张空气污染地图来估计个人的环境暴露水平。我们将利用这些信息进行分析，调查苏州参与者空气污染对健康的影响。该提案将为规划一个涉及 CKB​​ 全部 50 万参与者的更大项目提供重要的新理解和经验。最终，我们的目标是收集可靠的暴露和疾病结果数据，以准确了解空气污染对中国健康的影响。

项目成果

Solid Fuel Use and Risks of Respiratory Diseases. A Cohort Study of 280,000 Chinese Never-Smokers.

• DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201803-0432oc
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
• 影响因子: 24.7
• 作者: Chan KH;Kurmi OP;Bennett DA;Yang L;Chen Y;Tan Y;Pei P;Zhong X;Chen J;Zhang J;Kan H;Peto R;Lam KBH;Chen Z;China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
• 通讯作者: China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003716
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: PLoS medicine
• 影响因子: 15.8
• 作者: Chan KH;Yan M;Bennett DA;Guo Y;Chen Y;Yang L;Lv J;Yu C;Pei P;Lu Y;Li L;Du H;Lam KBH;Chen Z;China Kadoorie Biobank Study group
• 通讯作者: China Kadoorie Biobank Study group

Characterising personal, household, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and two rural communities in China

描述中国一个城市和两个农村社区的个人、家庭和社区 PM2.5 暴露特征

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.23288228
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Chan K

Trans-generational changes and rural-urban inequality in household fuel use and cookstove ventilation in China: A multi-region study of 0.5 million adults.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.09.010
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: International journal of hygiene and environmental health
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Chan KH;Lam KBH;Kurmi OP;Guo Y;Bennett D;Bian Z;Sherliker P;Chen J;Li L;Chen Z;China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group
• 通讯作者: China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group

Regional and seasonal variations in household and personal exposures to air pollution in one urban and two rural Chinese communities: A pilot study to collect time-resolved data using static and wearable devices.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106217
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Environment international
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Chan KH;Xia X;Ho KF;Guo Y;Kurmi OP;Du H;Bennett DA;Bian Z;Kan H;McDonnell J;Schmidt D;Kerosi R;Li L;Lam KBH;Chen Z;CKB-Air Collaborative Group
• 通讯作者: CKB-Air Collaborative Group