ALCOHOLISM--ADOLESCENT HIGH-RISK TWIN STUDY

这份重新修订的五年期提案旨在为一项双胞胎家庭研究寻求资金 青少年酒精使用和滥用，以及相关的行为风险因素， 采用前瞻性队列序贯设计。女性同性群体 对，包括少数民族双胞胎对，他们将年龄为13岁，15岁，17岁和19岁 当他们第一次被研究的时候，已经从国家出生时就被确定了。 记录（N=2350对双胞胎）。 这些家庭目前的地址是 通过简短的电话获得的接合性信息 访谈或邮寄问卷（N= 1785对）。为期四年 在此期间，将与以下儿童的家长进行电话筛选面谈： 双胞胎（N = 1500个家庭）和17岁及以上的双胞胎对（N= 800 pairs）。大约310对夫妇和他们的父母将被随机 被指派进行面对面访谈，并发现190个“高风险”家庭 将根据父母或双胞胎的病史进行面试。 酒精滥用或依赖。年度简短随访电话 将对所有年龄在16-22岁的双胞胎进行访谈， 以及15岁双胞胎的父母;以及一年两次的亲自随访 对父母和双胞胎的采访来自“高风险”和随机的 还将进行对照家庭。我们将评估这对双胞胎 和他们的父母多种措施的酒精使用（数量/频率/ 禁欲，饮酒至醉酒的频率，最大消费量， 与饮酒有关的心理社会问题和其他问题、滥用、依赖）; 相关的行为和精神风险因素（行为问题， 行为障碍、对立障碍、多动症、抑郁、焦虑 疾病、其他药物使用史、学业失败）;以及 中介和/或调节变量（积极和消极的酒精 期望;价值观;气质和个性测量;家庭 感知环境（Perceived Environment）。多元遗传方法 分析将用于测试有关发展的假设 酒精中毒的遗传风险和环境风险- 因素运作;确定关键的中介和调节变量， 这些发展途径;并探讨联合和相关的 作用（“基因型-环境相关”）和相互作用（“基因型x 环境相互作用”）的遗传和环境风险因素。的 因此，该项目将解决我们在病因学知识方面的一个关键空白 青少年饮酒行为。

This re-revised five-year proposal seeks funding for a twin-family study of adolescent alcohol use and abuse, and related behavioral risk-factors, using a prospective cohort-sequential design. Cohorts of female like-sex pairs, including minority twin pairs, who will be aged 13, 15, 17, and 19 by the time they are first studied, have been ascertained from state birth records (N=2350 twin pairs). Current addresses for the families will be traced, and zygosity information obtained by abbreviated telephone interview or mailed questionnaire (N= 1785 pairs). Over a four-year period, telephone screening interviews will be conducted with parents of the twins (N = 1500 families) and with twin pairs aged 17 and older (N=8O0 pairs). Approximately 310 pairs and their parent(s) will be randomly assigned for in-person interview, and a finder 190 'high-risk' families will be assigned for interview on the basis of parental or twin history of alcohol abuse or dependence. Annual abbreviated follow-up telephone interviews will be conducted with all available twin pairs at ages 16-22, and with the parents of twins aged 15; and biannual in-person follow-up interviews of the parents and twins from the 'high-risk' and random control families will also be conducted. We will assess in both the twins and their parents multiple measures of alcohol use (quantity/frequency/ abstinence, frequency of drinking to intoxication, maximum consumption, drinking-related psychosocial and other problems, abuse, dependence); associated behavioral and psychiatric risk-factors (conduct problems, conduct disorder, oppositionaI disorder, ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders, history of other drug use, academic failure); and postulated mediating and/or moderating variables (positive and negative alcohol expectancies; values; measures of temperament and personality; family environment; perceived environment). Methods of multivariate genetic analysis will be used to test hypotheses concerning the developmental pathways by which genetic risk for alcoholism and environmental risk- factors operate; to identify critical mediating and moderator variables in these developmental pathways; and to explore the joint and correlated action ('genotype-environment correlation') and interaction ('genotype x environment interaction') of genetic and environmental risk-factors. The project will thus address a critical gap in our knowledge of the etiology of adolescent drinking behavior.