ALCOHOLISM--ADOLESCENT HIGH-RISK TWIN STUDY

这份重新修订的五年提案寻求为双胞胎家庭研究提供资金 青少年酗酒和虐待，以及相关的行为风险因素， 采用前瞻性队列序贯设计。女性同性队列 双胞胎，包括少数双胞胎，年龄分别为13岁、15岁、17岁和19岁 当它们第一次被研究时，已经从国家出生时被确定 记录(N=2350对双胞胎)。这些家庭的当前地址将是 通过短途电话获得的跟踪和合子信息 访谈或邮寄问卷(N=1785对)。在四年的时间里 在此期间，电话筛选面谈将对以下家长进行 双胞胎(N=1500个家庭)和17岁及以上的双胞胎(N=800 配对)。大约310对夫妇和他们的父母(S)将被随机抽取 被分配进行面对面采访，并寻找190个高危家庭 将根据父母或双胞胎的病史分配进行面试 酗酒或依赖。年度缩写跟踪电话 面试将对所有16-22岁的双胞胎进行， 和15岁双胞胎的父母；以及一年两次的面对面随访 对父母和双胞胎的采访来自高危和随机 还将进行对照家庭调查。我们会对这对双胞胎进行评估 和他们的父母饮酒的多个指标(数量/频率/ 禁欲，饮酒至醉酒的频率，最大消费量， 与饮酒有关的心理社会和其他问题、虐待、依赖)； 相关的行为和精神危险因素(行为问题， 品行障碍、对立障碍、多动症、抑郁、焦虑 精神障碍、其他药物使用史、学业失败)；以及假设 调节和/或调节变量(正性和负性酒精 期望值；价值观；性情和个性的衡量标准；家庭 环境；感知环境)。多变量遗传方法 分析将被用来检验关于发展的假设 酒精中毒的遗传风险和环境风险的途径- 因素起作用；确定关键的中介变量和调节变量 这些发展路径；并探索联合和相关的 行为(‘基因-环境相关性’)和相互作用(‘基因x 环境相互作用)的遗传和环境风险因素。这个 因此，该项目将解决我们在病因学知识方面的一个关键差距 青少年饮酒行为。

This re-revised five-year proposal seeks funding for a twin-family study of adolescent alcohol use and abuse, and related behavioral risk-factors, using a prospective cohort-sequential design. Cohorts of female like-sex pairs, including minority twin pairs, who will be aged 13, 15, 17, and 19 by the time they are first studied, have been ascertained from state birth records (N=2350 twin pairs). Current addresses for the families will be traced, and zygosity information obtained by abbreviated telephone interview or mailed questionnaire (N= 1785 pairs). Over a four-year period, telephone screening interviews will be conducted with parents of the twins (N = 1500 families) and with twin pairs aged 17 and older (N=8O0 pairs). Approximately 310 pairs and their parent(s) will be randomly assigned for in-person interview, and a finder 190 'high-risk' families will be assigned for interview on the basis of parental or twin history of alcohol abuse or dependence. Annual abbreviated follow-up telephone interviews will be conducted with all available twin pairs at ages 16-22, and with the parents of twins aged 15; and biannual in-person follow-up interviews of the parents and twins from the 'high-risk' and random control families will also be conducted. We will assess in both the twins and their parents multiple measures of alcohol use (quantity/frequency/ abstinence, frequency of drinking to intoxication, maximum consumption, drinking-related psychosocial and other problems, abuse, dependence); associated behavioral and psychiatric risk-factors (conduct problems, conduct disorder, oppositionaI disorder, ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders, history of other drug use, academic failure); and postulated mediating and/or moderating variables (positive and negative alcohol expectancies; values; measures of temperament and personality; family environment; perceived environment). Methods of multivariate genetic analysis will be used to test hypotheses concerning the developmental pathways by which genetic risk for alcoholism and environmental risk- factors operate; to identify critical mediating and moderator variables in these developmental pathways; and to explore the joint and correlated action ('genotype-environment correlation') and interaction ('genotype x environment interaction') of genetic and environmental risk-factors. The project will thus address a critical gap in our knowledge of the etiology of adolescent drinking behavior.