NEIGHBORHOOD, FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN ADOLESCENT DRINKING

青少年饮酒的邻里、家庭和个人因素

• 批准号: 8728703
• 负责人: ANDREW C. HEATH
• 金额: $ 28.03万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8728703
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Age Distribution; Age of Onset; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Behavioral; Censuses; Characteristics; Child Abuse; Collection; Communities; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Development; Disadvantaged; Economic Conditions; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Family; Female; Female Adolescents; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Geographic Information Systems; Health; Hereditary Disease; Individual; Individual Differences; Interview; Intoxication; Light; Link; Location; Measures; Mental disorders; Missouri; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Neighborhoods; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Population; Preventive Intervention; Prospective Studies; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Rural; Sampling; Self-control as a personality trait; Social Conditions; Social Controls; Social Environment; Social Mobility; Staging; Taxes; Technology; Testing; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Variant; Youth; alcohol abuse therapy; alcohol availability; alcohol behavior; alcohol misuse; alcohol related problem; alcohol use disorder; alcohol use initiation; burden of illness; cohort; critical period; density of AOD outlets; deprivation; drinking; early adolescence; emerging adult; experience; gene environment interaction; high risk; innovation; mortality; parental alcoholism; public health relevance; public policy on alcohol; residence; role model; social; socioeconomics; theories; underage drinking; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Excessive alcohol use is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive research identifying factors associated with increased risks for the development of excessive alcohol use and for experiencing alcohol-related harm. Identified risk factors have spanned a number of distinct domains including contextual effects (e.g., alcohol outlet density, neighborhood social disadvantage) familial and individual specific environmental influences (e.g., parental separation, childhood abuse) and individual factors (e.g., genetic vulnerability, history of psychopathology). Typically, however, there has been limited integration across domains. Some have suggested that area-level factors, such as neighborhood conditions, may be more relevant to the theory of gene-environment (GE) interplay than other social factors. First, some individuals may be more frequently exposed to certain social contexts (e.g. neighborhoods with higher alcohol outlet density) as a consequence of their drinking (e.g. self-selection). Second, neighborhood conditions may enhance or constrain the relative influence of genetic influences on alcohol-related behaviors, by serving as an immediate form of social control that limits the manifestation of latent characteristics. We propose to add innovative measures of neighborhood environment (e.g. alcohol outlet density), generated using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, to previously collected data on a female adolescent twin cohort (N=1700 twin pairs), followed across multiple waves of assessment into young adulthood. This will allow us to better characterize the separate contributions of neighborhood, family and individual factors to early initiation of alcohol use (a major risk factor for subsequent excessive alcohol use), onset o drinking to intoxication, as well as heaviness of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. It will also allow us to test both for self- selection effects (i.e. whether genetic and environmental factors influencing neighborhood choice and alcohol- related behaviors are correlated), identifying individual and family factors that may influence choice of residence in young adulthood and for moderation of genetic influences by neighborhood environment (i.e. gene-environment interaction). Thus, our proposed research will inform both ecological and epidemiological research traditions on alcohol use disorders. Such research may shed new light on the nature, scope, and effectiveness of local alcohol control policies depending on the mechanism by which neighborhood conditions and genetic liabilities covary or interact or to affect alcohol use.

描述（由申请人提供）：过量饮酒与相当大的发病率和死亡率相关，因此进行了大量研究，确定了与过度饮酒和遭受酒精相关伤害的风险增加相关的因素。已确定的风险因素涵盖了许多不同的领域，包括背景影响（例如，酒精出口密度、邻里社会劣势）、家庭和个人特定环境影响（例如，父母分离、儿童虐待）和个人因素（例如，遗传脆弱性、精神病理学史）。然而，通常情况下，跨域的集成是有限的。一些人认为，与其他社会因素相比，区域层面的因素（例如邻里条件）可能与基因-环境（GE）相互作用理论更相关。首先，由于饮酒（例如自我选择），一些人可能会更频繁地接触某些社会环境（例如酒精出口密度较高的社区）。其次，邻里条件可以作为限制潜在特征表现的社会控制的直接形式，从而增强或限制遗传对酒精相关行为的相对影响。我们建议将使用地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术生成的邻里环境的创新措施（例如酒精出口密度）添加到之前收集的女性青少年双胞胎队列（N = 1700 对双胞胎）的数据中，然后对青年期进行多波评估。这将使我们能够更好地描述邻里、家庭和个人因素对早期开始饮酒（随后过量饮酒的主要风险因素）、饮酒至中毒、以及大量饮酒和酒精相关问题的各自贡献。它还将使我们能够测试自我选择效应（即影响邻里选择和酒精相关行为的遗传和环境因素是否相关），识别可能影响青年期居住选择的个人和家庭因素，以及邻里环境对遗传影响的调节（即基因-环境相互作用）。因此，我们提出的研究将为酒精使用障碍的生态和流行病学研究传统提供信息。此类研究可能会为当地酒精控制政策的性质、范围和有效性提供新的线索，具体取决于社区条件和遗传倾向共变或相互作用或影响酒精使用的机制。