ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IN YOUNG WOMEN: GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: MOAFTS WAVE 7

我们建议对MOAFTS（密苏里州青少年）进行第七波电话诊断访谈随访 女性双胞胎研究）年轻的队列A和B（目标N=2100双胞胎访谈），以及一些参与者， 尚未提供样本，唾液样本采集（目标N=840）用于接合性基因分型 确认. MOAFTS是一项对女性同性双胞胎（N=370名非洲人）出生队列的前瞻性研究。 美国对，N=1999欧洲/其他族裔对），从出生记录中识别，并于 青春期，平均年龄16岁。该项目的目标是在一个具有广泛代表性的一般 女性双胞胎队列，酒精中毒和相关物质使用的基因-环境相互作用 疾病，重点是（一）父母酗酒及其相关的双胞胎后代环境风险暴露 和结果，和（ii）女性饮酒和酒精相关问题的发展和过程，以及 其他物质使用和问题（特别是烟草使用和依赖）， 青年期，强调遗传和环境影响的前体/介质和调节剂， 无论是从问题的开始还是从问题中恢复。在最近的数据收集中，完成了与下列人员的访谈： 约3500名年龄在21-30岁的受访者。第七波将提供进一步的后续酒精和 其他物质的使用和问题，以及邻近的环境暴露，因此大多数双胞胎都通过了 他们出现酒精问题的最大风险时期，样本年龄足够大，可以提供信息 关于酒精问题和重度饮酒的缓解与持续的预测因素（目标N=700 在30岁时评估，N=1400在28岁时评估/N=100个新的依赖病例）。我们的研究动机是 关切地注意到，酒精和其他物质使用障碍风险的遗传传递往往 发生在通常与父母酗酒相关的高风险环境暴露的背景下- 包括人际冲突和离婚或从未同居，继父母的存在，童年的攻击性 创伤、家庭社会经济劣势-酗酒者的离开不需要减少的风险 家长从家里。通过完成第七波数据收集和数据分析， 是了解这些早期环境暴露，结合遗传效应， 大量饮酒和酒精问题的发作和病程，无论是直接的，还是通过对发作时间的影响 酒精使用和共病物质使用的影响，以及对双胞胎随后成年角色变化的影响 （过早或推迟养育子女;关系的形成、冲突和解除;完成教育、就业， 和成人同伴关系）;并确定其他变量（儿童史或 精神病理学，其他物质使用障碍），可能介导或缓和这些关系。电流 对女性酒精使用障碍的遗传流行病学的理解主要基于以下两点： 回顾性或动力不足的研究-MOAFTS队列将有助于填补这一空白。

We propose a wave seven telephone diagnostic interview follow-up of the MOAFTS (Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study) young cohorts A and B (target N=2100 twin interviews), and for some participants who have not yet provided samples, saliva sample collection (target N=840) for genotyping for zygosity confirmation. MOAFTS is a prospective study of a birth cohort of female like-sex twin pairs (N=370 African- American pairs, N=1999 European/Other Ancestry pairs) identified from birth records and first assessed in adolescence, at median age 16. Goals of the project are to characterize, in a broadly representative general population female twin cohort, gene-environment interplay in alcoholism and associated substance use disorders, focusing on (i) parental alcoholism and its associated twin offspring environmental risk-exposures and outcomes, and (ii) the development and course of female drinking and alcohol-related problems, as well as other substance use and problems (particularly tobacco use and dependence), through adolescence into young adulthood, emphasizing precursors/mediators and moderators of genetic and environmental effects on both onset of and recovery from problems. In the most recent data-collection, interviews were completed with approximately 3500 respondents at ages 21-30. Wave seven will provide a further follow-up of alcohol and other substance use and problems, and proximal environmental exposures, so that most twins are through their period of greatest risk for onset of alcohol problems, and the sample will be old enough to be informative about the predictors of remission versus persistence of alcohol problems and heavy drinking (target N=700 assessed at age 30, N=1400 assessed at age 28/N=100 new dependence cases). Our research is motivated by the concern that the genetic transmission of risks of alcohol and other substance use disorders frequently occurs in the context of high-risk environmental exposures commonly associated with parental alcoholism - including interpersonal conflict and divorce or never-cohabitation, step-parent presence, childhood assaultive trauma, family socioeconomic disadvantage - risks that need not be reduced by the departure of an alcoholic parent from the home. Through completion of the wave seven data-collection and data-analyses, our goals are to understand how these early environmental exposures, in combination with genetic effects, influence onset and course of heavy drinking and alcohol problems, either directly, or through effects on timing of onset of alcohol use and on comorbid substance use, and effects on subsequent adult role changes of the twins (early or delayed parenting; relationship formation, conflict and dissolution; education completion, employment, and adult peer relationships); and to identify other variables (history of childhood or adolescent-onset psychopathology, other substance use disorders) that may mediate or moderate these relationships. Current understanding of the genetic epidemiology of female alcohol use disorders is based largely on either retrospective or underpowered studies - a gap that the MOAFTS cohort will help to fill.