EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS--RISK OF AIDS

酒精问题的流行病学——艾滋病的风险

• 批准号: 2716512
• 负责人: KAREN F. TROCKI
• 金额: $ 68.68万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-03-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2716512
• 关键词: AIDS; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; coping; depression; disease /disorder proneness /risk; epidemiology; heterosexuals; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homosexuals; human subject; interview; self concept; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; social conformity; social group process; stress; substance abuse epidemiology

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): Under the project "Epidemiology of Alcohol: Risk of AIDS" the Investigator's goal in the past decade has been to explore how drinking behaviors are associated with sexual risk behaviors. Out of that work has come confirmation that a key factor in STD risk is number of sexual partners and, secondarily, that the context of drinking influences the availability of certain types of sexual partners and plays a role in determining the nature of the interpersonal relationship. Thus, in this competing continuation, although still tracking general population trends in disease risk, the researchers will focus simultaneously on the role of bars, clubs, taverns, and other locales to understand more fully the epidemiology of AIDS and other sexually-transmitted disease.Their proposed methodology will combine qualitative and quantitative methods and will focus on both heterosexual and homosexual populations to gain the broadest overview of risk patterns. The specific aims listed below move from the institutional level of the bar, to the social level of the group, to the level of the individual. Specific Aim #1 is to identify, visit briefly, and classify a range of drinking establishments that are known for and frequented by those seeking "pick-up" opportunities (gay, heterosexual, and ethnic-specific establishments will be targeted), to create a typology of and choose a subsample of such establishments for a long-term ethnographic study, and to design and implement an observation study of bars. Specific Aim 2 is to study social factors in bar culture that are related to general risk behavior and disease risk including: the social functions of participation in bar "life," the formation of norms within the social group and socio- sexual networks, and sexual partner selection behavior. Specific Aim #3 is to study psychological factors in risk behavior including attitudes, norms, personality, self-image, intimacy, self-efficacy, stress reactivity, depression and other mediators of risk behavior and to examine the extent to which psychological factors are influential in sexual risk behavior and STD outcomes. The specific aims detailed above will be addressed through multiple methods: (1) the use of focus groups, brief "snowball" sample interviews and in-person visits to inform the reviewers of specific locales; (2) an ethnographic study using unobtrusive observation and informal interviews at a number of locales (100 bars and clubs will be targeted for brief visits and from these, 16-20 will be chosen for long-term observation); (3) household probability surveys (national and local) in conjunction with ARG's 1999 National Alcohol Survey; (4) a survey of bar patrons targeting the specific bars to be observed as well as others; and (5) in-depth interviews and follow-up with samples of individuals, these respondents will represent a range of behavior patterns from low to high risk.

描述（改编自摘要）：在“流行病学”项目下 酒精：艾滋病的风险”研究者在过去十年的目标是 一直在探索饮酒行为如何与性风险相关 行为。这项工作已证实 STD 的一个关键因素 风险首先是性伴侣的数量，其次是性伴侣的背景。 饮酒会影响某些类型性伴侣的可用性 并在决定人际关系的性质方面发挥着作用 关系。因此，在这个竞争的延续中，尽管仍然 跟踪总体人群疾病风险趋势，研究人员将 同时关注酒吧、俱乐部、酒馆和其他场所的作用 更全面地了解艾滋病和其他疾病的流行病学 性传播疾病。他们提出的方法将结合 定性和定量方法，并将重点关注异性恋 和同性恋人群，以获得最广泛的风险模式概览。 下面列出的具体目标来自于机构层面 酒吧，到群体的社会层面，到个人的层面。 具体目标#1是识别、简要访问并分类一系列 那些因寻求帮助而闻名并经常光顾的饮酒场所 “搭讪”机会（同性恋、异性恋和特定种族 机构将成为目标），创建类型并选择 用于长期人种学研究的此类机构的子样本，以及 设计并实施酒吧观察研究。具体目标 2 是 研究酒吧文化中与一般风险相关的社会因素 行为和疾病风险包括： 参与的社会功能 在酒吧“生活”中，社会群体和社会内部规范的形成 性网络和性伴侣选择行为。具体目标#3 是 研究危险行为的心理因素，包括态度、 规范、个性、自我形象、亲密感、自我效能、压力 反应性、抑郁症和其他危险行为的中介因素，并检查 心理因素对性风险的影响程度 行为和性病结果。上述具体目标将是 通过多种方法解决：（1）利用焦点小组，简要介绍 “滚雪球”样本采访和亲自拜访以告知审稿人 特定地点的； (2) 民族志研究 在多个地点（100 个酒吧和 俱乐部将成为短暂访问的目标，其中 16-20 个俱乐部将 选择进行长期观察）； (3)住户概率调查 （全国和地方）与 ARG 的 1999 年全国酒精饮料协会联合举办 民意调查; (4) 针对特定酒吧的酒吧顾客调查 以及其他人观察到的； (5) 深入访谈和跟踪 个人样本，这些受访者将代表一系列 行为模式从低风险到高风险。