EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS--RISK OF AIDS

酒精问题的流行病学——艾滋病的风险

• 批准号: 6168246
• 负责人: KAREN F. TROCKI
• 金额: $ 59.92万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-03-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6168246
• 关键词: AIDS; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; coping; depression; disease /disorder proneness /risk; epidemiology; heterosexuals; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homosexuals; human subject; interview; self concept; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; social conformity; social group process; stress; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): Under the project "Epidemiology of Alcohol: Risk of AIDS" the Investigator's goal in the past decade has been to explore how drinking behaviors are associated with sexual risk behaviors. Out of that work has come confirmation that a key factor in STD risk is number of sexual partners and, secondarily, that the context of drinking influences the availability of certain types of sexual partners and plays a role in determining the nature of the interpersonal relationship. Thus, in this competing continuation, although still tracking general population trends in disease risk, the researchers will focus simultaneously on the role of bars, clubs, taverns, and other locales to understand more fully the epidemiology of AIDS and other sexually-transmitted disease.Their proposed methodology will combine qualitative and quantitative methods and will focus on both heterosexual and homosexual populations to gain the broadest overview of risk patterns. The specific aims listed below move from the institutional level of the bar, to the social level of the group, to the level of the individual. Specific Aim #1 is to identify, visit briefly, and classify a range of drinking establishments that are known for and frequented by those seeking "pick-up" opportunities (gay, heterosexual, and ethnic-specific establishments will be targeted), to create a typology of and choose a subsample of such establishments for a long-term ethnographic study, and to design and implement an observation study of bars. Specific Aim 2 is to study social factors in bar culture that are related to general risk behavior and disease risk including: the social functions of participation in bar "life," the formation of norms within the social group and socio- sexual networks, and sexual partner selection behavior. Specific Aim #3 is to study psychological factors in risk behavior including attitudes, norms, personality, self-image, intimacy, self-efficacy, stress reactivity, depression and other mediators of risk behavior and to examine the extent to which psychological factors are influential in sexual risk behavior and STD outcomes. The specific aims detailed above will be addressed through multiple methods: (1) the use of focus groups, brief "snowball" sample interviews and in-person visits to inform the reviewers of specific locales; (2) an ethnographic study using unobtrusive observation and informal interviews at a number of locales (100 bars and clubs will be targeted for brief visits and from these, 16-20 will be chosen for long-term observation); (3) household probability surveys (national and local) in conjunction with ARG's 1999 National Alcohol Survey; (4) a survey of bar patrons targeting the specific bars to be observed as well as others; and (5) in-depth interviews and follow-up with samples of individuals, these respondents will represent a range of behavior patterns from low to high risk.

说明(摘自摘要)：在“流行病学”项目下 酒精：艾滋病的风险“在过去十年中，研究者的目标是 一直在探索饮酒行为与性风险之间的关系 行为。这项工作证实了性病的一个关键因素 风险是性伴侣的数量，其次， 饮酒影响某些类型的性伴侣的可获得性 并在决定人与人之间关系的性质方面发挥作用 两性关系。因此，在这一竞争的延续中，尽管仍然 追踪人群患病风险的总体趋势，研究人员将 同时关注酒吧、俱乐部、酒馆和其他场所的作用 更全面地了解艾滋病和其他疾病的流行病学 性传播疾病。他们提出的方法将结合 定性和定量的方法，并将重点放在异性恋 和同性恋人群，以获得最广泛的风险模式概述。 下面列出的具体目标是从 酒吧，到群体的社会层面，到个人的层面。 具体目标#1是识别、简要访问和分类一系列 以寻求者为人所熟知并经常光顾的饮酒场所 “搭讪”机会(同性恋、异性恋者和特定种族 机构将成为目标)，创建一个类型学并选择 进行长期人种学研究的此类机构的小样本，以及 设计并实施沙洲观测研究。具体目标2是 研究酒吧文化中与一般风险相关的社会因素 行为与疾病风险包括：参与的社会功能 在酒吧“生活”中，形成了社会群体内部的规范和社会-- 性网络和性伴侣选择行为。具体目标3是 研究风险行为中的心理因素，包括态度， 规范、个性、自我形象、亲密度、自我效能感、压力 反应性、抑郁和其他危险行为的中介并检查 心理因素对性风险的影响程度 行为和性传播疾病结局。上面详述的具体目标将是 通过多种方法解决：(1)使用焦点小组，简要 “滚雪球”式的样本采访和亲临现场，告知评审者 指特定的地区；(2)使用不显眼的 在一些地点进行观察和非正式访谈(100个酒吧和 俱乐部将作为短暂访问的目标，从这些俱乐部开始，16-20人将 选择进行长期观察)；(3)家庭概率调查 (国家和地方)与ARG的1999年国家酒精 调查；(4)针对特定酒吧的酒吧顾客调查 以及其他观察；以及(5)深入访谈和跟踪 个人样本，这些受访者将代表一系列 从低风险到高风险的行为模式。