EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS--RISK OF AIDS

酒精问题的流行病学——艾滋病的风险

• 批准号: 2894021
• 负责人: KAREN F. TROCKI
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-03-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2894021
• 关键词: AIDS; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; coping; depression; disease /disorder proneness /risk; epidemiology; heterosexuals; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homosexuals; human subject; interview; self concept; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; social conformity; social group process; stress; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): Under the project "Epidemiology of Alcohol: Risk of AIDS" the Investigator's goal in the past decade has been to explore how drinking behaviors are associated with sexual risk behaviors. Out of that work has come confirmation that a key factor in STD risk is number of sexual partners and, secondarily, that the context of drinking influences the availability of certain types of sexual partners and plays a role in determining the nature of the interpersonal relationship. Thus, in this competing continuation, although still tracking general population trends in disease risk, the researchers will focus simultaneously on the role of bars, clubs, taverns, and other locales to understand more fully the epidemiology of AIDS and other sexually-transmitted disease.Their proposed methodology will combine qualitative and quantitative methods and will focus on both heterosexual and homosexual populations to gain the broadest overview of risk patterns. The specific aims listed below move from the institutional level of the bar, to the social level of the group, to the level of the individual. Specific Aim #1 is to identify, visit briefly, and classify a range of drinking establishments that are known for and frequented by those seeking "pick-up" opportunities (gay, heterosexual, and ethnic-specific establishments will be targeted), to create a typology of and choose a subsample of such establishments for a long-term ethnographic study, and to design and implement an observation study of bars. Specific Aim 2 is to study social factors in bar culture that are related to general risk behavior and disease risk including: the social functions of participation in bar "life," the formation of norms within the social group and socio- sexual networks, and sexual partner selection behavior. Specific Aim #3 is to study psychological factors in risk behavior including attitudes, norms, personality, self-image, intimacy, self-efficacy, stress reactivity, depression and other mediators of risk behavior and to examine the extent to which psychological factors are influential in sexual risk behavior and STD outcomes. The specific aims detailed above will be addressed through multiple methods: (1) the use of focus groups, brief "snowball" sample interviews and in-person visits to inform the reviewers of specific locales; (2) an ethnographic study using unobtrusive observation and informal interviews at a number of locales (100 bars and clubs will be targeted for brief visits and from these, 16-20 will be chosen for long-term observation); (3) household probability surveys (national and local) in conjunction with ARG's 1999 National Alcohol Survey; (4) a survey of bar patrons targeting the specific bars to be observed as well as others; and (5) in-depth interviews and follow-up with samples of individuals, these respondents will represent a range of behavior patterns from low to high risk.

描述（改编自摘要）：在“流行病学”项目下 酒精：艾滋病的风险”，研究人员在过去十年的目标， 一直在探索饮酒行为与性风险之间的关系 行为。这项工作证实了性病的一个关键因素 风险是性伴侣的数量，其次， 饮酒影响某些类型的性伴侣的可用性 并在决定人际关系的性质方面发挥作用 关系因此，在这种竞争的延续中，尽管仍然 跟踪疾病风险的一般人群趋势，研究人员将 同时注重酒吧、俱乐部、酒馆和其他 更全面地了解艾滋病的流行病学和其他 性传播疾病。他们提出的方法将联合收割机 定性和定量的方法，并将重点放在异性恋 和同性恋人群，以获得风险模式的最广泛的概述。 以下所列的具体目标是从机构一级提出的， 酒吧，到群体的社会层面，到个人的层面。 具体目标#1是识别、简要访问和分类一系列 饮酒场所，以寻求 “搭讪”机会（同性恋、异性恋和特定种族 机构将有针对性），创建一个类型学，并选择一个 对这些机构进行二次抽样，以便进行长期人种学研究， 设计并实施了一个酒吧的观察研究。具体目标二是 研究酒吧文化中与一般风险相关的社会因素 行为和疾病风险包括：参与的社会功能 在酒吧“生活”中，社会群体和社会内部规范的形成， 性网络和性伴侣选择行为。具体目标#3 研究危险行为中的心理因素，包括态度， 规范，人格，自我形象，亲密度，自我效能，压力 反应，抑郁和其他危险行为的介质，并检查 心理因素对性风险的影响程度 行为和性病结果。上文详述的具体目标将是 通过多种方法解决：（1）使用焦点小组，简要 “滚雪球”样本采访和亲自访问以告知审查者 （2）使用不引人注目的 在一些地点进行了观察和非正式访谈（100个酒吧和 俱乐部将有针对性的简短访问，其中，16-20将是 （3）住户概率调查 与阿根廷政府1999年全国酒精 调查;（4）针对特定酒吧的酒吧顾客调查， 观察到的以及其他;和（5）深入访谈和后续行动， 个人样本，这些受访者将代表一系列的 从低风险到高风险的行为模式