ADAPTATION OF LABORATORY REARED MONKEYS TO FIELD ENVIRONMENTS

这个项目调查了恒河猴和 其他非人类灵长类动物在不同的环境下出生和长大， 实验室条件适合于放置在 包含猴子的特定身体和社会特征 自然栖息地通过检查行为来评估适应性 剧目，并通过监测各种生理系统， 这些科目，产生基础广泛的指数，相对物理和 心理健康受试者对实验的反应 操纵其各自环境的选定特征 也以类似的方式进行评估。只要有可能， 进行适当的比较。另一个重点是 研究认知、行为和社会过程 涉及适应新的环境或情况。卷尾 猴子被用于许多这些研究，因为它们是 在猴子中是独一无二的， 并使用工具来改变他们的物理环境。 （a）确定了重要的性别和母亲等级 对恒河猴独立性发展的影响 由母亲在LCE= 5英亩的户外环境中抚养的婴儿 NIHAC的围栏反映了现场报告的模式， 恒河猴种群;（B）记录的 与新生儿的出生有关的母亲与新生儿的关系 圣地亚哥岛野生恒河猴同胞 (PR)（c）心率与 和肾上腺皮质的反应性和产妇的具体方面， 圣地亚哥岛成年雌性的群体行为 恒河猴种群;（d）产生的寿命纵向 成年群居猕猴的行为特征， 室内围栏，显示出显着的稳定性，无论是个人和 从成年早期到衰老的性别特征， 在特定行为上的显著发展变化， （1）增加年龄;（2）扩大已知范围。 复杂的工具使用行为， 包括不同社会群体之间的工具和食物共享， （f）以发展、姿势和特定任务为特征的 卷尾猴偏侧化的方面;以及（g）已确定的因素 有助于工具使用熟练程度的个体差异， 不寻常的灵长类物种

This project investigates how rhesus monkeys and other nonhuman primate species born and raised under different laboratory conditions adapt to placement into environments that contain specific physical and social features of the monkey=s natural habitat. Adaptation is assessed by examining behavioral repertoires and by monitoring a variety of physiological systems in these subjects, yielding broad-based indices of relative physical and psychological well-being. The responses of subjects to experimental manipulation of selected features of their respective environments are also assessed in similar fashion. Whenever possible, field data are collected for appropriate comparisons. An additional focus is on investigating the cognitive, behavioral, and social processes involved in adaptation to new settings or circumstances. Capuchin monkeys are employed in many of these studies because they are unique among monkeys species in their propensity to manufacture and use tools to modify their physical environment.Research carried out during FY98 (a) identified significant gender and maternal rank influences on the development of independence by rhesus monkey infants reared by their mothers in the LCE=s 5-acre outdoor enclosure at the NIHAC that mirror patterns reported for field populations of rhesus monkeys; (b) documented changes in mother-yearling relationships associated with the birth of a new sibling in wild-living rhesus monkey populations on Cayo Santiago (PR); (c) demonstrated significant relationships between heartrate and adrenocortical responsiveness and specific aspects of maternal and group-directed behavior for adult females in the Cayo Santiago rhesus monkey populations; (d) generated lifespan longitudinal behavioral profiles for group-living rhesus monkey adults housed in indoor pens that revealed remarkable stability of both individual and gender-specific profiles from early adulthood to senescence, despite significant developmental changes in specific behaviors as a function of increasing age; (e) expanded the known range of complex tool-using behaviors in captive capuchin monkeys, including both tool- and food-sharing between different social groups; (f) characterized developmental, postural, and task-specific aspects of laterality in capuchin monkeys; and (g) identified factors contributing to individual differences in tool-use proficiency in this unusual primate species.