DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY IN MONKEYS

本项目通过恒河猴和卷尾猴的纵向比较研究来研究灵长类动物的生物行为发育，特别强调个体对环境新奇和挑战的不同行为和生理反应模式的特征，并确定在不同的物理和社会环境中长大的不同遗传背景的个体的长期发育后果。FY00 (a)期间进行的研究发现恒河猴血清素1Db受体基因（5-HT1Db）多态性，在LCE恒河猴群体中，等位基因频率分别为p= 0.82和q= 0.18；(b)证明了1月龄恒河猴婴儿5-HTT基因多态性状态与行为障碍测量之间的预测关系；(c) 5-HTT多态性与猕猴幼崽的视觉定向能力、状态控制和活动水平的早期饲养历史之间存在显著的相互作用；(d)使用核磁共振扫描，记录了一岁恒河猴的总脑容量的性别差异，但没有记录总体重的性别差异；(e)表征了年轻恒河猴活动模式的昼夜节律性发育变化；(f)揭示了1月龄恒河猴婴儿脑脊液（CSF）初级中枢血清素代谢物5-羟基吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）浓度与恐惧和社会性测量之间的预测关系；(g)恒河猴脑脊液5-HIAA浓度从婴儿期到青春期保持稳定，饲养条件差异显著；(h)有记录的饲养条件对恒河猴幼体轻度环境刺激后脑脊液促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）浓度的影响；(i)证明CRH 1型受体拮抗剂安那拉明抑制成年雄性恒河猴下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）活性和恐惧行为表现；(j)记录了卷尾猴幼猴的HPA反应性与社会行为和环境探索的各种具体指标之间的预测关系，与之前在恒河猴身上的发现相似，尽管这两个物种在社会活动的总体比率、社会群体结构和动态方面存在重大差异。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal studies of rhesus and capuchin monkeys, with special emphasis on characterizing individual patterns of differential behavioral and physiological responses to environmental novelty and challenge and on determining long-term developmental consequences for individuals of different genetic backgrounds reared in different physical and social environments. Research carried out during FY00 (a) characterized a polymorphism in the serotonin 1Db receptor gene (5-HT1Db) for rhesus monkeys, with allele frequencies of p=.82 and q=.18, respecively, in the LCE rhesus monkey colony; (b) demonstrated a predictive relationship between polymorphic status of the 5-HTT gene and measures of behavioral disturbance in 1-month-old rhesus monkey infants; (c) demonstrated significant interactions between 5-HTT polymorphisms and early rearing history for visual orienting capabilities, state control, and activity levels in rhesus monkey neonates; (d) using MRI scans, documented sex differences in total brain volume, but not in total body weight, in yearling rhesus monkeys; (e) characterized developmental changes in circadian rhythmicity of activity patterns in young rhesus monkeys; (f) disclosed a predictive relationship betweencerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the primary central serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and measures of fearfulness and sociality in 1-month-old rhesus monkey infants; (g) characterized significant rearing condition differences in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations that remained stable for rhesus monkeys from infancy to adolescence; (h) documented rearing condition differences in CSF concentrations of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) following a mild environmental challenge in rhesus monkey juveniles; (i) demonstrated that the CRH type 1 receptor antagonist analarmin suppresses hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and behavioral manifestations of fearfulness in adult male rhesus monkeys; and (j) documented predictive relationships between HPA reactivity and a variety of specific measures of social behavior and environmental exploration in capuchin monkey juveniles that parallelled previous findings in rhesus monkeys, despite major differences between the two species in overall rates of social activity and in social group structure and dynamics.