ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

氯化有机化合物的厌氧和好氧生物修复

• 批准号: 6271041
• 负责人: JOHN FERGUSON
• 金额: $ 23.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-04-01 至 1999-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6271041
• 关键词: aerobic bacteria; anaerobic bacteria; analytical chemistry; bioreactors; biotransformation; chlorohydrocarbon; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; ground water; halogenation; methane monooxygenase; microorganism culture; phenols; toluene; toxin; water microbiology; water pollution; water pollution control

The reduction of hazards from chlorinated organics in contaminated groundwater has been studied by our multidisciplinary team of faculty and students from engineering, microbiology and environmental health by developing reactor-based bioremediation methods and unique anaerobic and cometabolic aerobic enrichments. Rates and extent of degradation of important chlorinated aliphatic and chlorinated aromatic toxicants have been investigated, helping to develop a practical range of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation process applications. Cometabolic transformations of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by methanotrophs, phenol, toluene, and propane oxidizers has developed comparative rates for these communities and an understanding of metabolite toxicity and competitive inhibition effects. Anaerobic and aerobic processes have been investigated, accompanied by residual toxicity measurements using bacterial assays. The limitations of above ground reactors for treating contaminated groundwater resulting from non aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) have become increasingly apparent. The low NAPL removal efficiency of pumping and flushing methods may require decades for site remediation. Consequently the research emphasis in the proposal has shifted to understanding biostimulation of in situ biodegradation in the near vicinity of NAPLs. A hydrogeologist is added to our team to assist in designing and using results of studies with aquifer microcosms. Molecular methods and near- microscale analyses are needed to understand the biostimulation processes that may significantly enhance dissolution and transport from NAPLs. Emphasis is being shifted in microbiological studies to development and use of molecular probes with a post-doctoral position to assist in this work. The broad objectives of the project are to continue to study the anaerobic and aerobic microbial enrichments that are capable of bioremediation of chlorinated organic compounds and to study their biostimulation in the near vicinity of NAPLs. Enriched cultures and isolates will be studied to investigate microbiological characteristics and engineering applications. The in situ studies require development of aquifer microcosms to simulate subsurface bioremediation near NAPLs and the development of sophisticated tools for sampling and understanding the chemical and microbiological responses to engineering variables. Biological kinetics, enrichment development, and aquifer microcosm testing will be done at room temperatures, closer to groundwater conditions than in our previous work. Kinetic modeling of microbial activity will continue, but a greater modeling activity will focus on the t transport and biodegradation in porous media with biostimulation and groundwater flow. The modeling will be used to design microcosm studies, then interpreting and simulating their results and extrapolating the results to field scale in situ bioremediation. This work will provide strong, continuing collaboration among faculty and students in engineering, microbiology and health sciences.

减少污染环境中氯化有机物的危害 我们的多学科教师团队对地下水进行了研究 工程、微生物学和环境健康专业的学生 开发基于反应器的生物修复方法和独特的厌氧和 代谢有氧丰富。 降解率和程度 重要的氯化脂肪族和氯化芳香族毒物有 进行了研究，有助于开发一系列实用的厌氧和 好氧生物降解工艺的应用。 共代谢转化 由甲烷氧化菌、苯酚、甲苯和 丙烷氧化剂已经为这些社区制定了比较费率，并且 了解代谢毒性和竞争性抑制效应。 对厌氧和需氧过程进行了研究，同时 使用细菌测定法测量残留毒性。 地上反应堆处理污染物的局限性 由非水相液体 (NAPL) 产生的地下水已成为 越来越明显。 泵送和泵送的 NAPL 去除效率低 冲洗方法可能需要数十年的时间才能进行现场修复。 最后 提案中的研究重点已转向理解 NAPL 附近原位生物降解的生物刺激。 一个 水文地质学家加入我们的团队，协助设计和使用 含水层微观世界的研究结果。 分子方法和近 需要微观分析来了解生物刺激过程 这可能会显着增强 NAPL 的溶解和运输。 微生物研究的重点正在转向开发和使用 具有博士后职位的分子探针来协助这项工作。 该项目的总体目标是继续研究厌氧 和有氧微生物富集，能够生物修复 氯化有机化合物并研究它们在附近的生物刺激作用 NAPL 附近。 将研究丰富的培养物和分离株 研究微生物特性和工程应用。 现场研究需要开发含水层微观世界来模拟 NAPL 附近的地下生物修复和复杂技术的发展 用于采样和了解化学和微生物的工具 对工程变量的响应。 生物动力学、富集 开发和含水层微观世界测试将在室内进行 温度，比我们之前的工作更接近地下水条件。 微生物活动的动力学模型将继续，但更大 建模活动将侧重于 T 运输和生物降解 具有生物刺激和地下水流的多孔介质。 建模将 用于设计微观世界研究，然后解释和模拟它们 结果并将结果外推至现场规模 生物修复。 这项工作将提供强有力的、持续的合作 工程、微生物学和健康领域的教师和学生 科学。