PREVENTION, ECONOMICS, AND OBESITY

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：本发明的具体目的是为了描述本发明。 项目是从经验上研究可能导致 肥胖症在美国迅速增加。可用 数据显示，肥胖症的患病率已从2004年的24.4%上升到2005年的24.4%。 1988年至1994年，这一比例为百分之三十四点八。肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式 增加许多慢性健康状况的风险。健康评估 1990年，肥胖症的护理费用每年超过450亿美元， 亿美元用于减肥产品。虽然增加 肥胖症的患病率一直很高，这种增长的原因 仍然是未知的和推测的。制定政策扭转这一局面 趋势需要了解潜在的行为过程。模型 重点是增加市场工作时间。 该模型区分了内生和外生决定因素， 肥胖和久坐的生活方式。在1970年到1990年间，一个典型的两个赚钱的人 家庭每年增加600个小时的市场工作，几乎没有增加。 为许多家庭带来收入。该理论认为， 家庭时间增加了对廉价方便食品的需求， 导致高热量密度食物如快餐消费增加 食物同样，该理论认为，可用在家时间的减少 增加了久坐的闲暇时间。其他可能增加 肥胖的流行包括吸烟的减少， 快餐的供应，快餐相对价格的变化， 快餐广告的增加，人口老龄化，以及习惯于 高热量食物。本申请中概述的经验工作将 使用三个数据集。这些数据集是：1）第一，第二 和第三次全国健康、营养和检查调查; 2） 1984-1997年行为危险因素监测系统， 和个人层面; 3）全国劳动力市场纵向调查 青年经验（NLSY），1979年基线和1997年的小组，NLS 儿童母亲档案，和新的NLSY 1997年青年样本。这些数据集将 增加食品杂货、快餐和香烟的价格， 供应和快餐广告。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): The specific aims of this project are to empirically examine the factors which may be responsible for the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States. The available data show that the prevalence of obesity has increased from 24.4 percent in 1960-1962 to 34.8 percent in 1988-1994. Obesity and sedentary life styles increase the risk of many chronic health conditions. Estimates of the health care costs of obesity in 1990 exceed $45 billion a year with an additional $33 billion spent on weight reduction products. Although the increase in the prevalence of obesity has been substantial, the reasons for this increase remain unknown and speculative. The development of policies to reverse this trend requires an understanding of the underlying behavioral processes. A model that focuses on the increase in time spent in market work will be developed. This model distinguishes between endogenous and exogenous determinants of obesity and sedentary life style. Between 1970 and l990, a typical two earner family increased market work by 600 hours a year, with little or no increase in income for many families. The theory asserts that the decrease in available home time has increased the demand for inexpensive, convenience food and has led to an increase in consumption of high caloric density food such as fast food. Similarly, the theory asserts that the decrease in available home time has increased sedentary leisure. Other factors which may have increased the prevalence of obesity include the reduction in cigarette smoking, the increase in fast food availability, changes in the relative price of fast food, increases in fast food advertising, aging of the population, and habituation to high caloric density food. The empirical work outlined in this application will employ three data collections. These data collections are: 1) the First, Second and Third National Health and Nutrition and Examination Surveys; 2) the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1984-1997, at both the aggregated and individual level; and 3) the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth (NLSY), 1979 baseline and panels through 1997, the NLS Child-Mother File, and the new NLSY 1997 sample of youths. These data sets will be augmented with grocery, fast food, and cigarette prices and with fast food availability and fast food advertising.