The Effects of New E-cigarette Internet Sales Bans and E-cigarette Flavor Bans on Tobacco Use by Youth, Young Adults and Adults

项目摘要 青少年和25岁以下的年轻人使用所有烟草产品对公共健康构成严重威胁。 这是因为这一群体面临尼古丁对健康的长期影响和神经损伤的风险 exposure.针对他们的干预措施，以阻止烟草使用，可以帮助降低尼古丁的轨迹 成瘾和使用其他成瘾物质的生命周期。减少他们获得电子烟的机会， 改变电子烟的吸引力属性是战略预防政策的基石之一 框架.这项拟议中的研究将为两种药物的有效性提供第一个合理的因果证据。 影响青年、青年人和成年人吸烟的关键政策。这些规定是：1）禁止 所有电子烟产品的互联网销售; 2）全面禁止所有电子烟中的所有添加香料 产品-包括那些豁免目前的联邦禁令。互联网销售禁令刚刚颁布， 联邦一级，尽管没有经验证据表明其对电子烟使用的因果影响。 这些新禁令旨在针对青年和年轻人，但适用于所有销售。因此，在本发明中， 政策效应有可能对成年人产生溢出效应。因为电子烟可能对成年人有益 对于那些试图戒烟的吸烟者来说，重要的是要确定这些禁令是否主要影响年轻人， 年轻的成年人，或者对成年人，特别是成年吸烟者也有任何溢出效应。我们将评估这些 互联网销售禁令的潜在溢出效应，以及全面禁止烟草使用的结果， 成年人了除了描述性的比较，几乎没有经验证据表明这些措施的有效性。 限制不同年龄段的烟草使用。该项目将利用自然资源 利用禁止在线电子烟销售的时间变化的实验， 所有电子烟产品中的味道，以解决这一关键的知识差距，并提供第一个因果估计 在这些法规的文献中。分析将基于所应用的差异中的差异框架 从六次大规模全国青年、青年和成年人调查的微观层面数据。作为我们 主要目的，拟议的研究还将提供一些关于国家如何施加惩罚的第一批证据。 零售商向未成年人和年轻人出售电子烟， 以及他们如何获得电子烟。尽管有年龄限制，但相当大的电子水平- 年轻人吸烟表明，最低购买年龄法律本身已经限制了 有效性因此，重要的是要了解更严格的处罚是否可以减少电子烟的总体使用 香烟

Project Summary Use of all tobacco products by youth and young adults up to age 25 poses a serious public health concern because this group is at risk of long-term health effects and neurological damage from nicotine exposure. Interventions targeted at them to discourage tobacco use can help lower the trajectory of nicotine addiction and use of other addictive substances over the life cycle. Reducing their access to e-cigarettes and altering appealing attributes of e-cigarettes are among the cornerstones of a strategic prevention policy framework. The proposed research will provide the first plausibly causal evidence on the effectiveness of two key policies in affecting tobacco use by youth, young adults and adults. These regulations are: 1) a ban on internet sales of all e-cigarette products; and 2) a comprehensive ban on all added flavors in all e-cigarette products – including those exempt from the current federal ban. Internet sales bans have just been enacted at the federal level although there is no empirical evidence speaking to its causal effect on e-cigarette use. These new bans are intended to target youth and young adults, but they apply to all sales. As a result, spillovers of the policy effects to adults are possible. Because e-cigarettes are potentially beneficial to adult smokers who are trying to quit smoking, it is important to ascertain whether these bans mainly affect youth and young adults or also have any spillover effects on adults and in particular adult smokers. We will assess such potential spillovers of internet sales bans, and comprehensive flavor bans on tobacco use outcomes among adults. Beyond descriptive comparisons, there exists virtually no empirical evidence on how effective these regulations would be in curtailing tobacco use at different age levels. This project will capitalize on natural experiments exploiting variation in the timing of the adoption of bans on online e-cigarette sales and on added flavors in all e-cigarette products, to address this critical knowledge gap and provide the first causal estimates in the literature of these regulations. Analyses will be based on a difference-in-differences framework applied to micro-level data from six large-scale national surveys of youth, and young adults and adults. As part of our main aims, the proposed research will also provide some of the first evidence on how state penalties imposed on retailers for selling e-cigarettes to underage youth and young adults are impacting e-cigarette use by these groups and how they are obtaining their e-cigarettes. Despite the age restrictions, the considerable level of e- cigarette use by youth indicates that the minimum purchase age laws by themselves have had limited effectiveness. Thus, it is important to understand whether stricter penalties can reduce the overall use of e- cigarettes.