Aging and Alcohol Demand

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案中概述的实证工作旨在评估酒精控制政策和风险相关人格因素对50岁至退休人群酒精需求的影响。要调查的酒精政策是酒精的价格和税收、酒精广告、酒精供应法和酒驾法。风险容忍人格的影响以及风险容忍与公共政策的相互作用也将被调查。之前没有研究调查过这些政策和因素对老年人的影响。这也是第一个在估算酒精需求函数时明确考虑风险承受能力的研究。老年人的酒精需求研究很重要，因为他们是人口中增长最快的部分。此外，虽然饮酒量一般随着年龄的增长而下降，但年轻人群在老年时的饮酒量却在增加。老年人除了在一般人群中常见的与酒精有关的问题外，还存在与衰老有关的酒精问题，包括身体耐受酒精的能力下降和处方药使用增加，这增加了药物与酒精发生不良相互作用的风险。实证工作将使用两个数据集来解决几个具体问题。将使用的第一组数据是健康和退休调查（HRS），其中包括22 000名50岁以上个人的数据。第二个将使用的数据集是收入动态小组研究（PSID），其中包括11,000个人的数据。PSID虽然是一项普通人群调查，但它很重要，因为它可以为风险偏好对酒精消费的影响提供参考值。这个问题没有其他的研究。所使用的评估技术取决于具体的问题。单方程模型将用于估计风险偏好对酒精需求的影响。需要一个双方程模型来估计酒精广告对酒精需求的影响以及酒精需求与收入的关系。外生样本选择和相互作用项可以用来估计风险偏好对酒精价格弹性的影响，风险偏好对酒驾法律反应的影响，以及风险偏好对酒精广告反应的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The empirical work outlined in this proposal is designed to estimate the effect of alcohol control policies and risk related personality factors on alcohol demand by individuals aged 50 to retirement. The alcohol policies to be investigated are alcohol prices and taxes, alcohol advertising, alcohol availability laws and drunk driving laws. The effect of a risk tolerant personality and the interaction of risk tolerance and public policies will also be investigated. No prior studies have examined the effects of these polices and factors on older individuals. This is also the first study to explicitly account for risk tolerance in the estimation of an alcohol demand function. The study of alcohol demand by older individuals is important since they are the fastest growing segment of the population. In addition, while alcohol consumption generally declines with age, younger cohorts have increasing levels of alcohol consumption at older ages. Older individuals have, in addition to the alcohol related problems common in the general population, aging related alcohol problems including a decrease in the physical ability to tolerate alcohol and an increase in the use of prescription drugs which increases the risk of adverse drug interactions with alcohol. The empirical work will use two data sets to address several specific questions. The first data set which will be used is the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) which includes data on 22,000 individuals over the age of 50. The second data set which will be used is the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) which includes data on 11,000 individuals. The PSID although it is a general population survey is important since it can provide reference values for the effects of risk preference on alcohol consumption. There are no other studies of this question. The estimation techniques used depend on the specific question. A single equation model will be used to estimate the effect of risk preference on alcohol demand. A two equation model is needed to estimate the effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol demand and the relationship between alcohol demand and income. Exogenous sample selection and interaction terms can be used to estimate the effect of risk preference on alcohol price elasticity, the effect of risk preference on responsiveness to drunk driving laws and the effect of risk preference on the responsiveness to alcohol advertising.