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Was barley locally adapted to drought conditions in ancient Nubia?

大麦是否适应了古代努比亚当地的干旱条件？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/G005974/1
负责人：
Robin Allaby
金额：
$ 43.11万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG005974%2F1
关键词：
Was barley locally adapted drought

项目摘要

Nubian barley - Summary One of the most serious challenges in the future of agriculture in the face of an increasing global population and climate change is water availability. However, we are not the first to face this problem. Lessons may be learned from past civilizations that grew crops in extreme environments for thousands of years. Evidence suggests that landraces of crops may have been in place for several millennia and likely to be specifically well adapted to their local environment. In effect, such landraces represent the efforts of thousands of years of selective breeding that should be regarded as an irreplaceable genetic resource. Unfortunately, many such landraces have now been lost by replacement with modern varieties. In some instances, we have access to those landraces through archaeobotanical remains. This study focuses on an area of the world associated with ancient Egypt - Nubia. The populations of southern ancient Nubia faced an environment in which water stress was a way of life. Interestingly, archaeobotanical samples of the 'smaller' barley that they grew shows some evidence of being adapted to drought conditions in a way that is not seen in the modern world. Furthermore, it seems that successive cultures from outside the region adopted this barley type, rather than introduce their own superficially higher yielding 'larger' varieties such as was grown in the Western Oases, and further north up the Nile Valley where water was not so scarce. We think this is because the Nubian barley was better suited to the harsh environment of the southern Nile Valley than outside varieties. In this case perhaps small was more beautiful. In this project we intend to examine a large portion of the barley genome (0.5%) most likely to be affected by drought stress in archaeobotanical samples from Nubian sites spanning 3000 years to find out if and how these ancient landraces became better suited to their environment. We will determine whether 'adapted' alleles could be utilized as a genetic resource for future breeding programs. We will also find out whether the landrace was kept 'pure', or whether a type was maintained with an influx of genetic material with new cultures. This study will provide us with important insight into the extent to which crops spread with culture or became locally adapted to the benefit of many cultures, and whether the ancient populations of Nubia solved problems of water shortage genetically in ways that will help us face the future.

努比亚大麦-总结面对全球人口增长和气候变化，未来农业面临的最严峻挑战之一是水的供应。然而，我们并不是第一个面临这个问题的国家。可以从过去的文明中吸取教训，这些文明在极端环境中种植作物数千年。有证据表明，农作物的地方品种可能已经存在了几千年，而且很可能特别适应当地的环境。实际上，这些地方品种代表了数千年来选择性育种的努力，应该被视为不可替代的遗传资源。不幸的是，许多这样的地方品种现在已经失去了现代品种的替代。在某些情况下，我们可以通过考古植物学遗迹接触到这些地方品种。这项研究的重点是世界上一个与古埃及有关的地区-努比亚。古代努比亚南部的人口面临着一种缺水的生活方式。有趣的是，他们种植的“较小”大麦的考古植物学样本显示了一些适应干旱条件的证据，这在现代世界中是看不到的。此外，似乎来自该地区以外的连续文化采用了这种大麦类型，而不是引入他们自己的表面上更高产的“更大”品种，如在西部绿洲种植的，以及更北的尼罗河谷，那里的水不是那么稀缺。我们认为这是因为努比亚大麦比其他品种更适合尼罗河谷南部的恶劣环境。在这种情况下，也许小更美丽。在这个项目中，我们打算研究大部分大麦基因组（0.5%）最有可能受到干旱胁迫的影响，从努比亚遗址跨越3000年的考古植物学样本，以找出这些古老的地方品种是否以及如何变得更适合他们的环境。我们将确定“适应”等位基因是否可以作为未来育种计划的遗传资源。我们还将发现地方品种是否保持“纯”，或者是否在新文化中遗传物质的流入下保持了一个类型。这项研究将为我们提供重要的见解，了解作物在多大程度上随着文化的传播而传播，或者在多大程度上适应了当地的许多文化，以及努比亚的古代人口是否以有助于我们面对未来的方式解决了遗传性缺水问题。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Using archaeogenomic and computational approaches to unravel the history of local adaptation in crops.

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0377
发表时间：
2015-01-19
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Allaby RG;Gutaker R;Clarke AC;Pearson N;Ware R;Palmer SA;Kitchen JL;Smith O
通讯作者：
Smith O

MCMC-ODPR: primer design optimization using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling.

MCMC-ODPR：使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗采样优化引物设计。