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Origins and evolution of ancient Egyptian cotton tracked by palaeogenomics

古基因组学追踪古埃及棉花的起源和进化

基本信息

批准号：
NE/F000391/1
负责人：
Robin Allaby
金额：
$ 5.6万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF000391%2F1
关键词：
Origins evolution ancient Egyptian cotton

项目摘要

This study aims to answer several questions about cotton genome evolution and domestication utilizing remarkably preserved archaeobotanical samples from Qasr Ibrim in Egypt and Januária in Brazil. The new technology of palaeogenomics - the study of genomes in the past through direct observation of their ancient DNA (Poinar et al 2006) - enables these questions to be addressed in a completely new way. The aims are threefold: Firstly, to identify the cotton species present in ancient Egypt and Januária in order to evaluate archaeological hypotheses. This will be achieved through the species identification of archaeobotanical cotton - currently not possible through visual examination. Different species of cotton are associated with different cultural groups, so identification will lead to inferences about whhich cultures of the past influenced early cotton cultivation. Secondly, to add an extra dimension to the study of cotton genome evolution to address several hypotheses of genomic change over the past three thousand years. The whole genus of cotton has experienced genomic expansion, and there is some evidence that this process is ongoing. The paleogenomic approach will allow an assessment of the extent of change there has been over the past three thousand years. Thirdly, to establish the applicability of this new technology to the mummified archaeobotanical remains from Qasr Ibrim and Januária. There are large quantities of archaeobotanical material at these sites which could become an invaluable genetic resource for our understanding of the evolutionary changes that occurred during the domestication and cultivation processes.

本研究旨在利用埃及Qasr Ibrim和巴西Januária保存完好的考古植物样本，回答有关棉花基因组进化和驯化的几个问题。古基因组学的新技术——通过直接观察它们的古代DNA来研究过去的基因组（Poinar et al, 2006）——使这些问题能够以一种全新的方式得到解决。目的有三个：首先，确定古埃及和Januária存在的棉花品种，以评估考古假设。这将通过考古植物棉的物种鉴定来实现-目前不可能通过目测来实现。不同种类的棉花与不同的文化群体有关，因此鉴定将导致推断过去的哪些文化影响了早期的棉花种植。其次，为棉花基因组进化的研究增加一个额外的维度，以解决过去三千年基因组变化的几个假设。整个棉花属都经历了基因组扩增，有证据表明这一过程仍在进行中。古基因组学方法将允许对过去三千年的变化程度进行评估。第三，确定这项新技术在Qasr Ibrim和Januária的木乃伊化考古植物遗骸上的适用性。这些遗址中有大量的考古植物材料，可以成为我们了解驯化和栽培过程中发生的进化变化的宝贵遗传资源。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Flax latitudinal adaptation at LuTFL1 altered architecture and promoted fiber production.

LuTFL1 的亚麻纬度适应改变了结构并促进了纤维生产。

DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-37086-5
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Scientific reports
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gutaker RM
通讯作者：
Gutaker RM

Using archaeogenomic and computational approaches to unravel the history of local adaptation in crops.

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0377
发表时间：
2015-01-19
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Allaby RG;Gutaker R;Clarke AC;Pearson N;Ware R;Palmer SA;Kitchen JL;Smith O
通讯作者：
Smith O

Archaeogenomic evidence of punctuated genome evolution in Gossypium.

棉花间断基因组进化的考古基因组证据。