DISORDERS OF LEXICAL ACCESS IN SPEECH PRODUCTION

言语产生中的词汇使用障碍

• 批准号: 6166059
• 负责人: ALFONSO CARAMAZZA
• 金额: $ 33.7万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6166059
• 关键词: aphasia; brain injury; clinical research; computer simulation; human subject; speech; speech disorders

The goal of the proposed research is to understand the nature of naming and word-finding difficulties in aphasia. The objective is to explain patterns of word production deficits in terms of damage to the cognitive/linguistic mechanisms that underlie normal word production, and then to use this knowledge toward the development of a theory of the functional organization of the brain. Two general questions will be addressed: 1) What are the causes of the grammatical class deficits? And, 2) what are the causes of the different error types in naming deficits? More specific questions include: 1) Are there different subtypes of grammatical class disorders? 2) What is the relationship between impairments in the production of nouns and the ability to produce noun phrase structure? 3) Are the causes of access failure for nouns and verbs the same as for failure to retrieve adjectives? What are the causes of failure to access function words and inflectional morphology? 4) Are different mixtures of error types the result of global lesions that affect equally all stages of the lexical access process or are they the result (at least in some cases) of different lesions to different stages of the process? 5) What relationship is there between the distribution of error types in naming and other tasks (such as reading, repetition, comprehension, etc.)? These and related questions will be addressed through a three-pronged program of research. The most important part involves the detailed investigation of the word and phrase processing performance of English and Italian monolingual aphasics and Spanish-Catalan bilingual aphasics. The two other components of the research involve the computational modeling of the patients' patterns of word production deficits and the experimental investigation of normal subjects' word and phrase production performance. This integrated approach to the study of lexical access deficits should provide important information about the organization and processing structure of the lexicon and about the functional causes of word production disorders in aphasia. These are necessary components of the larger goal of understanding the functional architecture of the brain and for developing intervention strategies for remedial training of aphasia.

这项拟议的研究的目的是了解失语症患者命名和找词困难的本质。其目的是从对构成正常单词产生的认知/语言机制的损害的角度来解释单词产生缺陷的模式，然后利用这些知识来发展大脑功能组织的理论。两个一般性的问题将被解决：1)语法课堂缺陷的原因是什么？2)不同类型的命名错误产生的原因是什么？更具体的问题包括：1)语法类别障碍是否有不同的亚型？2)名词产生障碍与产生名词短语结构的能力之间有什么关系？3)名词和动词通达失败的原因是否与形容词检索失败的原因相同？虚词通达失败的原因和词形变化的原因是什么？4)错误类型的不同组合是整体损害的结果，这些损害同样影响词汇通达过程的所有阶段，还是(至少在某些情况下)不同的损害对词汇通达过程的不同阶段产生影响？5)命名中错误类型的分布与其他任务(如阅读、重复、理解等)之间有什么关系？这些和相关的问题将通过一个三管齐下的研究计划来解决。其中最重要的部分涉及对英语和意大利语单语失语者和西班牙语-加泰罗尼亚语双语失语者的单词和短语加工绩效的详细调查。这项研究的另外两个部分包括对患者单词产生缺陷模式的计算机模拟和对正常受试者单词和短语产生表现的实验研究。这种研究词汇通达缺陷的综合方法应该能够提供有关词汇的组织和加工结构以及失语症中词汇产生障碍的功能原因的重要信息。这些都是了解大脑功能结构这一更大目标的必要组成部分，也是为治疗失语症制定干预策略的必要组成部分。