Cortical Organization of Noun and Verb Processing

名词和动词处理的皮质组织

• 批准号: 7154060
• 负责人: ALFONSO CARAMAZZA
• 金额: $ 42.59万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-05 至 2010-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7154060
• 关键词: Address; Aphasia; Area; Brain; Categories; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Investigation; Language; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Modality; Neurobiology; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Research; Role; Semantics; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Word Processing; base; design; lexical; lexical retrieval; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; research study; semantic processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of the neurobiology of language, particularly the neural mechanisms that underlie the representation and access of words. The more immediate objective of the research is to understand the cortical organization of noun and verb processing. We will achieve this through a two-pronged experimental approach using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to infer patterns of brain activation during processing of words of different grammatical categories. The first specific aim is to identify cortical regions that are differentially implicated in processing nouns and verbs. One set of experiments uses event-related fMRI to chart the areas of cortical activation differentially associated with noun and verb processing. Other experiments use rTMS to establish whether the areas of cortical activation play a central or a secondary role in this processing. The second specific aim is to distinguish those cortical regions that are primarily involved in processing the semantics of nouns and verbs from those that are implicated specifically in their grammatical processing. To this end, event-related fMRI experiments explore the effects of grammatical versus semantic factors on cortical activation patterns, and rTMS experiments determine whether the identified regions are essential for semantic and/or grammatical processing of words. The third specific aim is to determine the extent to which it is specifically grammatical category membership and not the different morphological processes undertaken with nouns and verbs that are represented in the regions of maximal cortical activation for nouns and verbs. The fMRI and rTMS experiments designed to achieve this goal involve comparison of performance on tasks that require regular morphological changes (jump/jumps) versus irregular (take/took) and/or no morphological changes. The fourth specific aim is to clarify the role that noun- and verb-specific processing areas play in the lexical retrieval tasks used to investigate the noun/verb distinction. This is addressed through the comparison of performance across the various task types used in the fMRI and rTMS experiments. The proposed research should increase our understanding of the cortical organization of noun and verb processing and provide the basis for explaining the causes of grammatical category deficits in various types of aphasia.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的长期目标是增加我们对语言神经生物学的理解，特别是作为单词表征和访问基础的神经机制。本研究更直接的目的是了解名词和动词加工的皮层组织。我们将通过一个双管齐下的实验方法，使用事件相关的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS），以推断大脑激活模式在处理不同的语法类别的单词。第一个具体的目标是确定大脑皮层区域的差异涉及处理名词和动词。其中一组实验使用事件相关功能磁共振成像来绘制与名词和动词处理相关的皮层激活区域。其他实验使用rTMS来确定皮层激活区域在这个过程中是否起着中心或次要作用。第二个具体目标是区分那些主要参与处理名词和动词语义的皮层区域，以及那些专门参与语法处理的皮层区域。为此，事件相关的功能磁共振成像实验探讨了语法与语义因素对皮层激活模式的影响，rTMS实验确定所识别的区域是否对单词的语义和/或语法处理至关重要。第三个具体的目标是确定在何种程度上，它是专门的语法范畴成员资格，而不是不同的形态过程进行的名词和动词，表示在最大的皮层激活区域的名词和动词。为实现这一目标而设计的fMRI和rTMS实验包括比较需要规则形态变化（跳跃/跳跃）与不规则形态变化（take/take）和/或没有形态变化的任务的表现。第四个具体的目标是澄清的作用，名词和动词特定的加工领域发挥的词汇提取任务，用于调查名词/动词的区别。这是通过比较在fMRI和rTMS实验中使用的各种任务类型的性能。这项研究将增加我们对名词和动词处理的皮层组织的理解，并为解释各种类型失语症中语法类别缺陷的原因提供基础。