Cortical Organization of Noun and Verb Processing

名词和动词处理的皮质组织

• 批准号: 7318344
• 负责人: ALFONSO CARAMAZZA
• 金额: $ 42.63万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-05 至 2010-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7318344
• 关键词: Address; Aphasia; Area; Brain; Categories; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Investigation; Language; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Modality; Neurobiology; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Research; Role; Semantics; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Word Processing; base; design; lexical; lexical retrieval; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; research study; semantic processing

The long term goal of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of the neurobiology of language, particularly the neural mechanisms that underlie the representation and access of words. The more immediate objective of the research is to understand the cortical organization of noun and verb processing. We will achieve this through a two-pronged experimental approach using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to infer patterns of brain activation during processing of words of different grammatical categories. The first specific aim is to identify cortical regions that are differentially implicated in processing nouns and verbs. One set of experiments uses event-related fMRI to chart the areas of cortical activation differentially associated with noun and verb processing. Other experiments use rTMS to establish whether the areas of cortical activation play a central or a secondary role in this processing. The second specific aim is to distinguish those cortical regions that are primarily involved in processing the semantics of nouns and verbs from those that are implicated specifically in their grammatical processing. To this end, event-related fMRI experiments explore the effects of grammatical versus semantic factors on cortical activation patterns, and rTMS experiments determine whether the identified regions are essential for semantic and/or grammatical processing of words. The third specific aim is to determine the extent to which it is specifically grammatical category membership and not the different morphological processes undertaken with nouns and verbs that are represented in the regions of maximal cortical activation for nouns and verbs. The fMRI and rTMS experiments designed to achieve this goal involve comparison of performance on tasks that require regular morphological changes (jump/jumps) versus irregular (take/took) and/or no morphological changes. The fourth specific aim is to clarify the role that noun- and verb-specific processing areas play in the lexical retrieval tasks used to investigate the noun/verb distinction. This is addressed through the comparison of performance across the various task types used in the fMRI and rTMS experiments. The proposed research should increase our understanding of the cortical organization of noun and verb processing and provide the basis for explaining the causes of grammatical category deficits in various types of aphasia.

这项拟议研究的长期目标是增加我们对脑血管疾病神经生物学的了解。 语言，尤其是作为词汇表征和获取基础的神经机制。这个 这项研究更直接的目标是理解名词和动词的皮层组织 正在处理。我们将通过使用事件相关的双管齐下的实验方法来实现这一点 功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)和重复经颅磁刺激(RTMS) 从而推断不同语法类别词汇加工过程中的脑激活模式。这个 第一个具体目标是确定在处理名词和动词时存在差异的大脑皮层区域。 一组实验使用事件相关功能磁共振成像来不同地绘制皮质激活区 与名词和动词处理相关。其他实验使用rTMS来确定 皮质激活在这一过程中起着中心或次要的作用。第二个具体目标是 区分那些主要参与处理名词和动词语义的皮层区域 从那些在其语法处理中特别牵连的词中分离出来。为此，事件相关功能磁共振成像 实验探索了语法和语义因素对大脑皮层激活模式的影响 RTMS实验确定所识别的区域是否对语义和/或语法是必要的 单词的处理。第三个具体目标是确定它在多大程度上是具体的语法 范畴成员关系，而不是名词和动词进行的不同形态过程 在名词和动词的大脑皮层激活最大的区域。功能磁共振成像和rTMS 为实现这一目标而设计的实验包括比较需要定期执行的任务的性能 形态变化(跳跃/跳跃)与不规则(Take/Take)和/或无形态变化。这个 第四个具体目标是阐明名词和动词特定的加工区域在词汇中所起的作用 提取任务用于调查名词/动词的区别。这是通过比较以下内容来解决的 在功能磁共振成像和rTMS实验中使用的各种任务类型的性能。拟议的研究 应该增加我们对名词和动词处理的皮质组织的理解，并提供 解释各类失语症语法范畴缺陷原因的依据。