Building rural resilience in seismically active regions

在地震活跃地区建设农村抵御能力

• 批准号: NE/I017941/1
• 负责人: Alexander Densmore
• 金额: $ 3.02万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI017941%2F1
• 关键词: Building; rural; resilience; seismically; active

While increasing resilience to earthquakes around the globe has become a major research and policy agenda, much of the focus has been on urban areas, and megacities in particular. Despite this, rural areas still contain more than 70% of the population of many earthquake-prone countries in the Global South, indicating that rural residents will make up a significant proportion of those exposed to future earthquakes. Rural areas are particularly vulnerable because they often lack the resources and expertise to respond to disasters. This vulnerability may be greatly enhanced by patterns of migration and rural depopulation, leaving behind those residents who are least able to mitigate or respond to disasters; and through the expansion of informal, peri-urban settlements, on the periphery of towns and cities. In addition, the hazards that pose the greatest threat to rural populations (such as landsliding) differ from those in urban areas (such as building collapse and the destruction of infrastructure) suggesting that the transfer of lessons learned in cities may be inadequate. The main aims of this study are to understand community perception of earthquake-related hazard in rural areas of the Global South, and the factors increasing the vulnerability of rural communities to seismic hazards, with a view to identifying current research needs across the physical and social sciences. Specifically, this study will (1) determine the extent of local understanding of earthquake and landslide hazard, and explore how, given lay people's everyday livelihood concerns, to best engage them in discussions around rare high-magnitude events; (2) identify the factors that increase the vulnerability of rural communities to seismic hazards; (3) use scenarios and participatory exercises to explore a set of co-produced solutions or coping strategies, such as micro-scale hazard assessment, that communities might use to enhance their resilience to earthquakes; and (4) identify any barriers to their uptake or research gaps that must be addressed before these strategies can be implemented. The scoping study will focus on Nepal; a country where one or more great earthquakes may be overdue, where campaigns by NGOs to raise awareness of earthquake hazards have tended so far to focus on urban areas, and where field research in rural areas suggests that there is minimal earthquake awareness among local populations. Working with our project partners NSET and Kadambari College (National School of Social Work), we will compare two communities: a recently-settled, peri-urban area and a more remote, established rural community. The primary outcome of the project will be the identification of current research needs and the gaps that will prevent implementation of effective resilience measures at the community level. When combined with new research on earthquake hazards and the many secondary perils that accompany large earthquakes, our project will provide guidance for how best to merge scientific understanding of earthquakes with local knowledge of how to live with them.

虽然提高地球仪的抗震能力已成为一项主要的研究和政策议程，但大部分重点都放在城市地区，特别是特大城市。尽管如此，在全球南部的许多地震多发国家，农村地区的人口仍占70%以上，这表明农村居民将在未来遭受地震的人口中占很大比例。农村地区特别脆弱，因为它们往往缺乏应对灾害的资源和专门知识。移徙和农村人口减少的模式可能会大大加剧这种脆弱性，留下那些最没有能力减轻或应对灾害的居民;并通过在城镇和城市周边扩大非正式的城郊住区。此外，对农村人口构成最大威胁的灾害（如滑坡）与城市地区的灾害（如建筑物倒塌和基础设施破坏）不同，这表明在城市吸取的经验教训可能没有得到充分的传播。本研究的主要目的是了解全球南部农村地区社区对地震相关灾害的看法，以及增加农村社区对地震灾害脆弱性的因素，以确定当前物理和社会科学的研究需求。具体而言，本研究将（1）确定当地对地震和滑坡灾害的了解程度，并探讨如何在考虑到普通民众日常生活关切的情况下，最好地让他们参与讨论罕见的高震级事件;（2）确定增加农村社区对地震灾害脆弱性的因素;（3）利用设想方案和参与性活动，探索一套共同制定的解决办法或应对战略，如微型灾害评估，社区可利用这些办法或战略来加强其对地震的复原力;以及（4）确定在实施这些战略之前必须解决的吸收这些战略的任何障碍或研究差距。范围研究将侧重于尼泊尔;该国可能会发生一次或多次大地震，非政府组织提高对地震危害认识的运动迄今往往侧重于城市地区，农村地区的实地研究表明，当地居民对地震的认识最低。与我们的项目合作伙伴NSET和Kadambari学院（国家社会工作学院）合作，我们将比较两个社区：一个最近定居的城市周边地区和一个更偏远的农村社区。该项目的主要成果将是确定目前的研究需求以及妨碍在社区一级实施有效抗灾措施的差距。当结合对地震危害和伴随大地震的许多次级危险的新研究时，我们的项目将为如何最好地将对地震的科学理解与如何与地震共存的当地知识相结合提供指导。

项目成果

Building rural resilience in seismically active areas

在地震活跃地区建设农村抵御能力

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Densmore A.L.

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science

牛津研究自然灾害科学百科全书

• DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.312
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Oven K

Earthquake science in DRR policy and practice in Nepal

尼泊尔 DRR 政策和实践中的地震科学

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Oven, K.J.