Are all hosts created equal? Transmission dynamics in a natural multi-host parasite community

所有主机都是平等的吗？

• 批准号: NE/I024038/1
• 负责人: Andy Fenton
• 金额: $ 43.17万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI024038%2F1
• 关键词: hosts; created; equal; Transmission; dynamics

Many of the most pressing concerns about emerging infectious disease in humans (eg pandemic influenza, West Nile virus, Hantavirus) and wildlife (eg bovine TB in cattle and badgers, squirrel pox transmission from grey to red squirrels) arise from parasites moving from one host species to another. As such there is considerable interest in how the composition of possible hosts in a community affects whether a disease spreads or not. Each host species can differ in their susceptibility to the parasite, their social structure and/or behaviour, so that the composition of the host community plays a key role in determining why some parasites cause an epidemic (i.e HIV), while others don't (i.e. Ebola). To aid our understanding of these complex, real-world communities, several mathematical models have been developed which show that the contribution each host species makes to the parasite's ability to spread is fundamental in determining whether the disease persists, and the outcome of targeted control. To date, however, these theories have not been tested with actual data, meaning they largely remain abstract conceptual frameworks. In particular, it is not known whether the host species' contributions to disease spread can be determined solely from the number of infected individuals within each host species. This is important as most studies of parasites that infect multiple hosts are likely to be purely observational, because it is logistically or ethically unfeasible to conduct the necessary experiments. However, there may be general guidelines, based on fundamental aspects of host-parasite ecology that can be used to infer these host contributions to parasite transmission and persistence. For example, both the transmission biology of the parasite (ie how it moves from one host to another) and the way host species interact in the community (eg their movement patterns, habitat usage, resource competition etc) will determine how each host species contributes to parasite persistence. Clearly, there is a need to determine whether disease patterns that we see in nature, combined with a basic understanding of host-parasite biology, can be used to predict how parasites will respond to control efforts targeting one host species or another. We will use a highly novel combination of large-scale manipulation experiments and mathematical modelling to measure host species contributions to parasite transmission across a diverse, natural multi-host-multi-parasite community. Overall we will provide one of the most comprehensive views of how very different parasites, with different transmission modes, use multiple host species to persist, and the implications for how such parasites respond to targeted host treatment. Given the increasing concerns about emerging infectious diseases around the globe, it has never been more pressing to develop a genuine understanding of the factors affecting parasite invasion, transmission, persistence, and control. This project will be a major step in that direction.

关于人类（例如大流行性流感、西尼罗河病毒、汉坦病毒）和野生动物（例如牛和獾中的牛结核病、松鼠痘从灰松鼠传播到红松鼠）的许多最紧迫的担忧都是由寄生虫从一种宿主物种转移到另一种宿主物种引起的。因此，人们对社区中可能宿主的组成如何影响疾病是否传播非常感兴趣。每个宿主物种对寄生虫的易感性、社会结构和/或行为都不同，因此宿主群落的组成在决定为什么某些寄生虫引起流行病（即艾滋病毒）而另一些寄生虫不会引起流行病（即埃博拉病毒）方面发挥着关键作用。为了帮助我们了解这些复杂的现实世界群落，已经开发了几种数学模型，这些模型表明每种宿主物种对寄生虫传播能力的贡献对于确定疾病是否持续存在以及有针对性的控制结果至关重要。然而，迄今为止，这些理论尚未经过实际数据的检验，这意味着它们在很大程度上仍然是抽象的概念框架。特别是，尚不清楚宿主物种对疾病传播的贡献是否可以仅根据每个宿主物种内受感染个体的数量来确定。这很重要，因为大多数对感染多个宿主的寄生虫的研究可能纯粹是观察性的，因为进行必要的实验在逻辑上或伦理上是不可行的。然而，基于宿主-寄生虫生态学的基本方面，可能存在一般准则，可用于推断这些宿主对寄生虫传播和持久性的贡献。例如，寄生虫的传播生物学（即它如何从一个宿主转移到另一个宿主）和宿主物种在群落中相互作用的方式（例如它们的移动模式、栖息地利用、资源竞争等）将决定每个宿主物种如何促进寄生虫的持久性。显然，我们需要确定我们在自然界中看到的疾病模式，结合对宿主-寄生虫生物学的基本了解，是否可以用来预测寄生虫将如何应对针对一种或另一种宿主物种的控制措施。我们将使用大规模操纵实验和数学模型的高度新颖的组合来测量宿主物种对跨多样化的自然多宿主多寄生虫群落的寄生虫传播的贡献。总的来说，我们将提供最全面的观点之一，说明具有不同传播模式的不同寄生虫如何利用多种宿主物种来持续存在，以及这些寄生虫如何响应有针对性的宿主治疗的影响。鉴于对全球新发传染病的日益关注，真正了解影响寄生虫入侵、传播、持久性和控制的因素变得前所未有的紧迫。该项目将是朝这个方向迈出的重要一步。

项目成果

The predicted impact of resource provisioning on the epidemiological responses of different parasites.

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13751
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Erazo, Diana;Pedersen, Amy B.;Fenton, Andy
• 通讯作者: Fenton, Andy

Who acquires infection from whom? Estimating herpesvirus transmission rates between wild rodent host groups

谁从谁那里获得感染？

• DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.18.302489
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Erazo D

Supplementary Information; additional methods and summary results from Experimental assessment of cross-species transmission in a natural multihost-multivector-multipathogen community

补充信息；

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24499291
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Fenton A

Are All Hosts Created Equal? Partitioning Host Species Contributions to Parasite Persistence in Multihost Communities.

• DOI: 10.1086/683173
• 发表时间: 2015-11
• 期刊: The American naturalist
• 作者: Fenton A;Streicker DG;Petchey OL;Pedersen AB
• 通讯作者: Pedersen AB

Breaking beta: deconstructing the parasite transmission function.

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0084
• 发表时间: 2017-05-05
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: McCallum H;Fenton A;Hudson PJ;Lee B;Levick B;Norman R;Perkins SE;Viney M;Wilson AJ;Lello J
• 通讯作者: Lello J