Quantifying host species contributions to pathogen transmission in a multihost community: the case of chytrid fungus in amphibian communities

量化宿主物种对多宿主群落中病原体传播的贡献：以两栖动物群落中壶菌为例

• 批准号: NE/N009800/1
• 负责人: Andy Fenton
• 金额: $ 46.14万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN009800%2F1
• 关键词: Quantifying; host; species; contributions; pathogen

Many pathogens of global health and conservation concern infect multiple host species. Ebola is a classic example, circulating naturally within a 'reservoir' host community, and with the potential to jump across to another host species with devastating effect. Clearly it is vital to understand how such pathogens are maintained in their host communities, and which species play a major role in spreading those pathogens. However, obtaining that understanding is notoriously hard. We have recently developed a mathematical approach to measure a host community's ability to maintain a pathogen, and identify 'key hosts' that drive pathogen spread. Importantly, unlike previous methods, this approach can be parameterised using relatively coarse-grained, easily-collected data (standard measures of host abundance and infection occurrence). We will provide the first rigorous test of this model, applying it to a natural 'multihost'-pathogen system of major conservation concern: chytrid fungus ('Bd') in amphibian communities. Bd is a major cause of amphibian declines worldwide, but we don't understand how it spreads through or is maintained by amphibian communities. We will apply our mathematical approach to historical and new data, and use it to identify those key hosts, and predict the effect of removing them. Crucially, we will then directly test those predictions by carrying out species removal experiments. Overall this will provide a rigorous test of our mathematical tool, show how host communities affect pathogen spread in general, and provide specific guidelines for the management of Bd in particular.

许多与全球健康和保护有关的病原体感染多种宿主物种。埃博拉是一个典型的例子，它在一个“水库”宿主群落中自然传播，并有可能跳跃到另一个宿主物种，造成破坏性影响。显然，了解这些病原体是如何在其宿主群落中维持的，以及哪些物种在传播这些病原体方面发挥了主要作用是至关重要的。然而，获得这种理解是出了名的困难。我们最近开发了一种数学方法来测量宿主群落维持病原体的能力，并确定驱动病原体传播的“关键宿主”。重要的是，与以前的方法不同，这种方法可以使用相对粗粒度、易于收集的数据（宿主丰度和感染发生的标准测量）进行参数化。我们将对该模型进行第一次严格的测试，将其应用于主要保护关注的自然“多宿主”病原体系统：两栖动物群落中的壶菌（“Bd”）。Bd是全球两栖动物数量减少的主要原因，但我们不知道它是如何在两栖动物群落中传播或维持的。我们将对历史数据和新数据应用数学方法，并使用它来识别这些关键主机，并预测删除它们的效果。至关重要的是，我们将通过进行物种移除实验来直接测试这些预测。总的来说，这将为我们的数学工具提供严格的测试，显示寄主群落如何影响病原体的传播，并为特别是Bd的管理提供具体的指导方针。

项目成果

Routine habitat switching alters the likelihood and persistence of infection with a pathogenic parasite

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13038
• 发表时间: 2018-05-01
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Daversa, David R.;Manica, Andrea;Garner, Trenton W. J.
• 通讯作者: Garner, Trenton W. J.

Alpine Newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris) Avoid Habitats Previously Used by Parasite-Exposed Conspecifics

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.636099
• 发表时间: 2021-03-11
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Daversa, David R.;Manica, Andrea;Bosch, Jaime
• 通讯作者: Bosch, Jaime

Table S2 from Infections on the move: how transient phases of host movement influence disease spread.

表 S2 来自移动感染：宿主移动的短暂阶段如何影响疾病传播。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5679097
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: D. R. Daversa

Captions and references for supplementary tables from Infections on the move: how transient phases of host movement influence disease spread.

移动中的感染：宿主移动的短暂阶段如何影响疾病传播的补充表的标题和参考文献。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5679091
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: D. R. Daversa

Supplementary material and Table S1 from Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism

补充材料和表 S1 来自扩大恐惧生态：对捕食和寄生的不同反应产生非致命效应

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13803074
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: D. R. Daversa