MULTIPLE IMPAIRMENTS, TASK DEMANDS AND MOBILITY IN OLDER ADULTS

老年人的多重障碍、任务要求和行动能力

• 批准号: 6098423
• 负责人: Neil Alexander
• 金额: $ 17.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-04-15 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6098423
• 关键词: accidental falls; aging; balance; biomechanics; clinical research; cognition disorders; functional ability; human old age (65+); human subject; leg; limb movement; muscle strength; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; performance; person with disability; physical fitness; questionnaires; vision disorders

Multiple, as opposed to single impairments are major contributors to falls and increased functional dependency. Examples of these impairments include visual, leg strength, and cognitive impairment. The effect of these impairments is magnified as the demands of a functional task increase. Furthermore, adding more impairments frequently yields a disproportionate increase in disability. Little is known regarding how combinations of impairments contribute to functional disability. Little is known regarding how combinations of impairments contribute to functional disability. Little is known regarding how individuals compensate for their impairments. Our Program data to date suggests that studies of other tasks and techniques are necessary to help explain the complex relationships among impairments, functional task demand and actual task performance. In this Project, we propose a more specific, controlled, and quantitative experimental approach as the next logical step. The goal of this study is to determine how losses in capabilities (strength, visual, and cognitive impairment) affect mobility-task performance (walking speed and stepping accuracy), particularly when mobility-task demands (increasing strength, visual, and cognitive demands) increase. We will study adults aged 60 and other with specific impairments: individuals who have, either singly or in combination, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, and lower extremity weakness. We chose these impairments based on their contribution to disability, falls, fall-related injury, and institutionalization. These individuals will perform walking-related tasks that provide increasing challenge, particularly with respect to their existing impairment. These tasks simulate a number of walking challenges that might be encountered daily by many older adults (such as stepping accurately to avoid an obstacle or slippery surface). These data will suggest the degree to which impairment must be decreased and/or task demand decreased in order to reduce real world functional disability.

与单一损伤相反，多重损伤是跌倒的主要原因 并增加了功能依赖性。这些损害的例子包括 视觉、腿部力量和认知障碍。这些效果 随着功能性任务需求的增加，损伤会被放大。 此外，增加更多的损伤常常会产生不成比例的损失。 残疾增加。关于如何组合的知之甚少 损伤会导致功能障碍。对此知之甚少 损伤的组合如何导致功能障碍。 关于个人如何补偿他们的损失，人们知之甚少。 损伤。迄今为止我们的计划数据表明，对其他任务的研究 和技术对于帮助解释复杂的关系是必要的 损伤、功能性任务需求和实际任务表现之间的关系。在 在这个项目中，我们提出了一个更具体、更可控、更定量的方案 实验方法作为下一个合乎逻辑的步骤。 本研究的目的是确定能力损失如何 （力量、视觉和认知障碍）影响活动性任务 性能（行走速度和步进精度），特别是当 移动性任务需求（增加力量、视觉和认知需求） 增加。我们将研究 60 岁的成年人和其他具有特定特征的人 障碍：单独或组合有以下情况的个人： 认知障碍、视力障碍和下肢无力。我们 根据这些损伤对残疾、跌倒、 跌倒相关的伤害和收容。这些人将 执行与步行相关的任务，这些任务会带来越来越大的挑战， 特别是关于他们现有的损害。这些任务 模拟许多日常可能遇到的步行挑战 许多老年人（例如准确地迈步以避免障碍物或 光滑的表面）。这些数据将表明损害程度 必须减少和/或任务需求减少，以减少实际 世界功能障碍。