GENETIC MANAGEMENT OF CHIMPANZEE BREEDING AND RESEARCH

建立黑猩猩繁育与研究的目标 计划(CBRP)繁育群体是为了确保健康的 以满足未来生物医学研究的需要。的遗传管理 这些黑猩猩群体是实现这一目标的先决条件。健全的遗传 管理需要遗传标记，这是准确的 家谱以及许多研究方案。因此，基因 管理必须从寻找信息丰富的新DNA标记开始， 利用它们进行亲子鉴定和产生高质量的 已证实的谱系数据，但仍需要未来可能的研究需求 考虑到了。因为基因管理不能有效地进行 一个明确的研究努力，基因管理活动将是 与定量遗传分析相结合，旨在利用前 现有的研究资源。为了达到这些目的，人类短串联重复序列 (STR)可使用聚合酶链式反应进行分型的DNA标记将被识别为 揭示黑猩猩的信息性多态。这些标记将是 用于亲子鉴定和血统确证，以及用于大型- 野生出生的CBRP黑猩猩的尺度dna分型。将使用这些数据 为了表征非洲出生的人的遗传变异性的数量 CBRP育种群体的创始人，评估遗传程度 五个CBRP菌落之间的分歧，制定特定的菌落 繁育建议和身份替换饲养者。谱系数据 与DNA标记证实的也将用工具分析 数量遗传学研究病毒性疾病的遗传基础。 合作研究将集中在猪瘟的遗传流行病学上。 丙型肝炎，输血相关性肝炎的最常见原因 在美国。已有240多只黑猩猩被感染 丙型肝炎病毒作为与疫苗相关的早期免疫病毒学研究的一部分 发展。我们将在协作中利用这些预先存在的数据 包括DNA分型、数量遗传学和免疫表型分析 调查这种传染病的遗传流行病学，并 从而充分挖掘这些基本动物模型的研究价值。

The objective in establishing the Chimpanzee Breeding and Research Program (CBRP) breeding colonies was to insure a steady supply of healthy chimpazees for future biomedical research needs. Genetic management of these chimpanzee colonies is a prerequisite for this goal. Sound genetic management requires genetic markers, which are essential for accurate pedigrees as well as for many research protocols. Thus, genetic management must begin with a search for informative new DNA markers, utilize them in paternity testing and the generation of high-quality corroborated pedigree data, yet still take probable future research needs into account. Since genetic management cannot effectively proceed without an explicit research effort, genetic management activities will be integrated with quantitative genetic analyses designed to exploit pre- existing research resources. Toward these ends, human short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers which can be typed using PCR will be identified which reveal informative polymorphisms in chimpanzees. These markers will be used for paternity testing and pedigree corroboration, and for large- scale DNA typing of wild-born CBRP chimpanzees. These data will be used to characterize the amount of genetic variability present in African-born founders of the CBRP breeding populations, evaluate the degree of genetic divergence among the five CBRP colonies, formulate colony-specific breeding advice and identity replacement breeders. Pedigree data corroborated with DNA markers will also be analyzed with the tools of quantitative genetics to study the genetic basis of viral disease. Collaborative research will focus on the genetic epidemiology of Hepatitis C, the most frequent cause of transfusion-associated hepatitis in the United States. Over 240 chimpanzees have already been infected with HCV as part of earlier immunovirological research related to vaccine development. We will utilize these pre-existing data in a collaboration involving DNA typing, quantitative genetics, and immunophenotyping to investigate the genetic epidemiology of this infectious disease and thereby fully exploit the research value of these essential animal models.