Arctic Sea-Ice-Zone Blowing Snow - Contribution to Sea Salt Aerosol (ABSCISSA)

北极海冰区吹雪 - 对海盐气溶胶 (ABSCISSA) 的贡献

• 批准号: NE/M005852/1
• 负责人: Anna Jones
• 金额: $ 5.08万
• 依托单位: British Antarctic Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM005852%2F1
• 关键词: Arctic; Sea; Ice; Zone; Blowing

The Arctic sea ice zone (SIZ) affects atmospheric composition and climate, and it is responding rapidly to climate change. We urgently need to quantify its influence on the regional/global atmosphere so we can predict how this may change in the future. Arctic research is logistically and scientifically challenging, and continually relies on new international partnerships, shared science expertise, data, and logistics. This scientific context and modus operandi entirely reflects our focus and approach within the proposed ABSCISSA project.Our scientific focus is the potential of the Arctic SIZ to be a source of sea salt aerosol (SSA). Aerosols are small particles in the atmosphere which play several critical roles. They affect the transmission of sunlight and the formation of clouds. They host the production of halogen compounds to the atmosphere which in turn affect atmospheric oxidation chemistry and the availability of mercury to the food chain - a major current health concern for Arctic people. When they are deposited on polar ice caps, sea salt aerosols leave a record of past conditions that can be accessed by drilling ice cores. So it's important to pinpoint and quantify sources of SSA. There is strong evidence that in the polar regions, the source is the effect of wind blowing on salty snow on the sea ice surface. If this is right, it opens the possibility of using ice core data to derive changes in sea ice extent over long time periods. It is therefore important to understand the sources of polar sea salt aerosol and to be able to predict how they may vary with, and feedback to, climate.Field work within the SIZ is challenging - the area is hard to access and very few ship-based programmes operate there, particularly during the winter. However in winter 2015, the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI) will host a cruise on their research ship, Lance, deep within the Arctic SIZ. We have negotiated a chance to participate but need funding for the mandatory financial contribution. We have established new project partners in NPI with whom to work. Our scientific aim is to determine whether wind-blown snow on sea ice really is the dominant source of Arctic sea salt aerosol, and to make a series of measurements needed to parameterise this process in numerical models. We will use the same methodology, equipment and personnel deployed by us during a previous successful winter cruise to the Antarctic SIZ (funded by NERC), thus using previous NERC investment as a springboard for this Arctic research. The Arctic SIZ is substantially different from that of the Antarctic so to assess sea salt sources and impacts in the Arctic, we must have data derived directly from the Arctic SIZ. The collaboration with NPI is highly mutually beneficial: NPI logistics will enable access to an otherwise inaccessible region; we will make novel measurements, needed, but not made by our NPI partners; similarly, their data will fill gaps in our measurement suite; we will all contribute expertise for data interpretation. Such working practices provide considerable leverage, and build strong collaborations for the future.Strategically, the project fits within a government-level MoU that aims to increase scientific collaboration between the UK and Norway. The project fits NERC aspirations for BAS to assume an increased role in the Arctic. In the longer-term, we will use our data i) to scale up to derive an Arctic regional source, ii) to compare with sea salt production over Antarctica, iii) to assess the impact on chemical composition of the atmosphere, and iv) to assess the suitability of sea salt aerosol as a sea ice proxy. Our results thus contribute to a range of different academic groups, raise the profile and momentum of UK science within the Arctic, and contribute to an area of intense scientific, political and public interest: the socio-economic and climatic implications and feedbacks associated with reducing Arctic sea ice extent.

北极海冰区（SIZ）影响大气成分和气候，并且对气候变化做出快速反应。我们迫切需要量化其对区域/全球大气的影响，以便我们可以预测未来可能如何变化。北极研究在后勤和科学上都具有挑战性，并不断依赖新的国际伙伴关系、共享的科学专业知识、数据和后勤。这种科学背景和运作方式完全反映了我们在拟议的 ABSCISSA 项目中的重点和方法。我们的科学重点是北极 SIZ 成为海盐气溶胶 (SSA) 来源的潜力。气溶胶是大气中的小颗粒，发挥着多种关键作用。它们影响阳光的传输和云的形成。它们向大气中产生卤素化合物，进而影响大气氧化化学和食物链中汞的可用性——这是北极人民当前主要的健康问题。当海盐气溶胶沉积在极地冰盖上时，它们会留下过去条件的记录，可以通过钻冰芯来获取这些记录。因此，查明和量化 SSA 的来源非常重要。有强有力的证据表明，在极地地区，其来源是风对海冰表面咸雪的影响。如果这是正确的，那么就有可能利用冰芯数据得出长期海冰范围的变化。因此，了解极地海盐气溶胶的来源并能够预测它们如何随气候变化以及对气候的反馈非常重要。SIZ 内的现场工作具有挑战性 - 该地区难以进入，而且很少有船基项目在那里运行，特别是在冬季。然而，2015 年冬季，挪威极地研究所 (NPI) 将在其研究船 Lance 上在北极 SIZ 深处举办一次巡航。我们已经商定了参与机会，但需要资金来支付强制性财务捐款。我们在 NPI 中建立了新的项目合作伙伴并与之合作。我们的科学目标是确定海冰上的风吹雪是否真的是北极海盐气溶胶的主要来源，并进行一系列所需的测量，以在数值模型中参数化这一过程。我们将使用我们在之前成功的南极SIZ（由NERC资助）冬季航行中部署的相同方法、设备和人员，从而利用之前NERC的投资作为北极研究的跳板。北极 SIZ 与南极洲有很大不同，因此为了评估北极的海盐来源和影响，我们必须直接从北极 SIZ 获得数据。与 NPI 的合作是高度互利的：NPI 物流将能够进入原本无法到达的地区；我们将进行新的测量，这是需要的，但不是由我们的 NPI 合作伙伴进行的；同样，他们的数据将填补我们测量套件中的空白；我们都将为数据解释贡献专业知识。这种工作实践提供了相当大的影响力，并为未来建立了强有力的合作。从战略上讲，该项目符合旨在加强英国和挪威之间科学合作的政府级谅解备忘录。该项目符合 NERC 希望 BAS 在北极发挥更大作用的愿望。从长远来看，我们将使用我们的数据i）扩大规模以获得北极区域来源，ii）与南极洲的海盐产量进行比较，iii）评估对大气化学成分的影响，以及iv）评估海盐气溶胶作为海冰替代物的适用性。因此，我们的研究成果为一系列不同的学术团体做出了贡献，提高了英国科学在北极地区的知名度和势头，并为一个引起强烈科学、政治和公共兴趣的领域做出了贡献：与减少北极海冰范围相关的社会经济和气候影响和反馈。

项目成果

Mechanistic Insight into the Uptake and Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sea Ice

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00967
• 发表时间: 2019-06-18
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Garnett, Jack;Halsall, Crispin;Wynn, Peter
• 通讯作者: Wynn, Peter

Arctic Sea Salt Aerosol from Blowing Snow and Sea Ice Surfaces - a Missing Natural Source in Winter

吹雪和海冰表面产生的北极海盐气溶胶——冬季缺失的天然来源

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Frey, M.M.

First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice

首次直接观察海冰上方吹雪产生的海盐气溶胶

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2019-259
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Frey M

Salinity profiles of snow on sea ice in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) during austral winter 2013

2013 年南方冬季威德尔海（南极洲）海冰上积雪的盐度分布

• DOI: 10.5285/c0261633-fd14-4d45-a58d-72998816c4cd
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Frey, M.M.

Snow Property Controls on Modeled Ku-Band Altimeter Estimates of First-Year Sea Ice Thickness: Case Studies From the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic

对第一年海冰厚度的模拟 Ku 波段高度计估计的雪属性控制：来自加拿大和挪威北极的案例研究

• DOI: 10.1109/jstars.2020.2966432
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Nandan V