Food security impacts of industrial crop expansion in Sub-Sahara Africa (FICESSA)

在撒哈拉以南非洲，最近有一种日益增长的趋势，即分配土地用于生产最终用于非粮食目的的作物，如生物能源、纤维和其他工业加工。这种土地转换往往通过外国直接投资获得资金，并被视为经济增长的引擎。然而，这往往发生在粮食几乎不能自给自足的国家，这引起了人们对粮食安全影响的担忧。虽然人们普遍认为，经济作物（IC）直接或间接地与粮食生产争夺土地，但评估这种竞争对粮食安全的总体影响并不总是直截了当的。从表面上看，随着农业用地转为工业用地，粮食安全会下降。然而，一些不太明显的机制可能会导致粮食安全的改善，例如，家庭收入增加可以改善获得粮食的机会，而获得化肥/农药/灌溉/知识可以提高农业产量。事实上，在撒哈拉以南非洲，由于IC生产和地方/国家粮食安全而引起的土地利用变化之间存在着许多复杂的反馈。然而，我们有一个支离破碎的和不完整的知识，这些相互关系在非洲的情况下，很少有全面的研究进行至今，这个跨学科的项目旨在提供明确的经验证据，如何IC竞争的土地与粮食作物在撒南非洲，和机制，通过这种竞争可以影响粮食安全，无论是在积极或消极的方式。我们将在多个空间尺度上使用各种分析工具进行研究，以研究过去的动态并探索未来的情景。案例国家包括加纳、马拉维、莫桑比克、塞拉利昂和斯威士兰。我们的联盟由在学术（UT）、应用（RBGK、CSIR）和政策驱动研究（UNU、ODI）方面具有互补优势的合作伙伴组成。这将使我们的研究结果有效地传达给参与（或受影响）IC扩展的不同最终用户，包括决策者，当地社区，非政府组织和私营部门。

There is an increasing trend recently to allocate land in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) for the production of crops that are ultimately used for non-food purposes such as bioenergy, fibre and other industrial processes. Such land conversions are often financed through direct foreign investment and are justified as an engine of economic growth. However this often happens in countries that are barely food self-sufficient raising concerns about impacts on food security.While it is well accepted that industrial crops (ICs) compete directly and indirectly for land with food production, it is not always straightforward to assess the overall impacts of this competition on food security. Superficially food security should decrease as agricultural land is converted to ICs. Yet a number of less obvious mechanisms may lead to improvements in food security, e.g. higher household incomes can improve access to food, while access to fertilizers/pesticides/irrigation/knowledge can improve agricultural yields. In fact there are many complex feedbacks between land use change due to IC production and local/national food security in SSA. However, we have a fragmented and incomplete knowledge of these interrelations in African contexts, with few comprehensive studies conducted so far.This interdisciplinary project aims to provide clear empirical evidence of how ICs compete for land with food crops in SSA, and the mechanisms through which this competition can affect food security, whether in a positive or a negative manner. We will undertake a combination of studies at multiple spatial scales using a variety of analytical tools to study past dynamics and explore future scenarios. Case countries include Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Swaziland.Our consortium consists of partners with complementary strengths in academic (UT), applied (RBGK, CSIR) and policy-driven research (UNU, ODI). This will allow the effective communication of our findings to different end-users involved in (or affected by) IC expansion including policy-makers, local communities, NGOs and the private sector.