Improved Representation of Atmospheric Aerosol Hygroscopicity

改进了大气气溶胶吸湿性的表示

• 批准号: NE/N006801/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Reid
• 金额: $ 5.09万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN006801%2F1
• 关键词: Improved; Representation; Atmospheric; Aerosol; Hygroscopicity

Aerosols and clouds are important components of the Earth's atmosphere, influencing the radiation budget and chemical composition, and affecting human health. The impact of aerosols and clouds on global climate remains one of the largest single uncertainties in understanding previous climate observations and in predicting future climate change. Aerosols and clouds can scatter and absorb sunlight and terrestrial radiation, having a direct effect on climate by altering the balance of incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared light. Aerosols also have an indirect effect on climate by influencing the albedo and lifetime of clouds, because cloud droplets form from the much smaller aerosol particle seeds on which water can condense. Changes in the number of aerosol particles in the Earth's atmosphere and their size distribution can lead to changes in the number of cloud droplets that form. This indirect effect is poorly constrained and generally counteracts the warming induced by increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, exerting a cooling effect on the Earth's climate.The project "Reducing the Uncertainties in Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth", to which this project is linked, seeks to quantify the microphysical properties and processes that control the formation of cloud droplets from aerosol particles in a series of laboratory measurements on single, suspended, aerosol particles using state of the art techniques. These properties can then be used, in a much simplified form, in the computer models used to simulate atmospheric air quality and climate. One of these simplified methods is the "kappa-Köhler theory" created by our international partner (in the USA) on this project. Together, we will do the following:First, we will exchange staff between the Bristol Aerosol Research Centre and the laboratory of our international partner at North Carolina State University for a short period (one focus area will be the viscosity of aerosol components). This will enable an exchange of skills: our work is mostly fundamental, and laboratory-based, whereas our international partner participates extensively in field campaigns of atmospheric measurements. These areas of interest, and associated science, are complementary.Second we will work together to provide a database of values of the aerosol parameter kappa, and web-based tools to carry out calculations that are related to the uptake of water by atmospheric aerosols and their role in the formation of clouds. These tools will be publicly accessible on the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model website. They should provide a focus for international efforts in this area, and help to spread best practice.Third, will hold a Workshop, hosted with our international partner and with invited experts in the measurement and use of kappa and kappa-Köhler theory, to discuss current problems in the field and to recommend where future effort should be directed. One problem area is the kappa values of the organic components of atmospheric aerosols, whose behaviour and composition are both very complex, making it difficult to relate parameter kappa to composition in a direct or reliable way. The participants will also review the website tools and database, and make recommendations for future development.In addition to the scientific benefits, UK participation and leadership in international atmospheric aerosol research will be advanced by the partnership and links created in this project.

气溶胶和云是地球大气层的重要组成部分，影响辐射收支和化学成分，并影响人类健康。气溶胶和云对全球气候的影响仍然是理解以往气候观测和预测未来气候变化的最大单一不确定性之一。气溶胶和云可以散射和吸收太阳光和地面辐射，通过改变入射太阳辐射和出射红外光的平衡对气候产生直接影响。气溶胶还通过影响云的寿命和寿命对气候产生间接影响，因为云滴是由水可以凝结的小得多的气溶胶粒子种子形成的。地球大气中气溶胶粒子数量及其大小分布的变化会导致云滴数量的变化。这一间接影响没有受到很好的限制，一般会抵消大气中温室气体含量增加引起的变暖，对地球气候产生冷却作用。在一系列实验室中，试图量化控制气溶胶粒子形成云滴的微物理特性和过程。使用现有技术对单个悬浮气溶胶颗粒进行测量。然后，这些特性可以以非常简化的形式用于模拟大气空气质量和气候的计算机模型中。其中一种简化方法是我们的国际合作伙伴（美国）在该项目上创建的“kappa-Köhler理论”。我们将共同开展以下工作：首先，我们将在布里斯托气溶胶研究中心和我们的国际合作伙伴北卡罗来纳州州立大学的实验室之间进行短期人员交流（一个重点领域将是气溶胶成分的粘度）。这将促进技能交流：我们的工作大多是基础性的，并且以实验室为基础，而我们的国际合作伙伴广泛参与大气测量的现场活动。第二，我们将合作提供气溶胶参数kappa值的数据库，以及基于网络的工具，以进行与大气气溶胶吸收水及其在云形成中的作用有关的计算。这些工具将在扩展的气溶胶无机物模型网站上公开提供。第三，将与我们的国际合作伙伴以及受邀的Kappa和Kappa-Köhler理论测量和使用方面的专家一起举办一次研讨会，讨论该领域目前存在的问题，并就今后的努力方向提出建议。一个问题领域是大气气溶胶的有机成分的kappa值，其行为和组成都非常复杂，因此很难以直接或可靠的方式将kappa参数与组成联系起来。与会者还将审查网站工具和数据库，并为未来的发展提出建议。除了科学效益，英国在国际大气气溶胶研究的参与和领导地位将通过该项目中创建的伙伴关系和链接来推进。

项目成果

Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth over a Wide Range in Relative Humidity.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04194
• 发表时间: 2016-06
• 期刊: The journal of physical chemistry. A
• 作者: G. Rovelli;R. E. H. Miles;J. Reid;S. Clegg

Influence of Organic Compound Functionality on Aerosol Hygroscopicity: Dicarboxylic Acids, Alkyl-Substituents, Sugars and Amino Acids

有机化合物官能团对气溶胶吸湿性的影响：二羧酸、烷基取代基、糖和氨基酸

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2016-1051
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Marsh A

Hygroscopic Properties of Aminium Sulphate Aerosols

硫酸铵气溶胶的吸湿特性

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2016-959
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Rovelli G

Hygroscopic properties of aminium sulfate aerosols

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-4369-2017
• 发表时间: 2016-11
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: G. Rovelli;R. E. H. Miles;J. Reid;S. Clegg